反熔丝FPGA芯片的布线资源规划与设计实现

发布时间：2018-09-13 14:33

【摘要】：现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array)是一种可编程逻辑器件(PLD,Programmable Logic Device),具有用户现场可编程、高集成度、高可靠性等优点。经过三十多年的高速发展,FPGA芯片从冷门器件逐步发展为成为最为重要的可编程器件类型,在计算机硬件、汽车电子、物联网等诸多领域有广泛的应用。反熔丝FPGA是FPGA芯片中独特的一种,以反熔丝为基本编程结构,是一次性可编程器件。由于反熔丝编程后状态不可翻转,具有很强的抗辐照能力,因此反熔丝FPGA特备适用于航天航空等领域。我国反熔丝FPGA产业薄弱,很多关键性的技术问题有待研究。布线资源是反熔丝FPGA的重要组成部分,是实现芯片内部结构互联的基础,对反熔丝芯片的编程速度和工作性能有很大影响。基于上述背景,本文针对反熔丝FPGA的布线资源做了大量的研究,研究内容主要有以下几个方面。首先研究反熔丝FPGA的基本原理,结合制造工艺,将布线资源划分为水平布线和垂直布线两种,进一步组合成为水平通道和垂直通道,最后使用布线通道构建布线资源的架构。不同的电路子模块对布线的要求不同,将布线资源划分为多种类型更能满足电路设计需求。据此,布线资源被划分为五种,分别是垂直通道长线、水平通道长线、水平布线、逻辑模块输入布线和逻辑模块输出布线。除了水平布线主要用于布线互联,其他四种布线资源都和逻辑模块直接相关,可见布线资源的设计中心是逻辑模块。除了互联功能,布线资源在编程测试过程中也发挥重要作用。本文中还设计了多种布线资源的辅助电路模块,完善了布线资源的结构,改进了布线资源性能。反熔丝位于布线资源中,反熔丝的编程通路由布线资源构成理所当然。不同类型的反熔丝构建独特的编程通路,独特的编程通路既能顺利完成编程过程,又能避免误编程的出现。另外还分析布线资源对FPGA编程顺序的影响,设计出合理的编程顺序。最后一章介绍了布线资源在芯片编程前测试中的使用情况。还将一个功能为移位寄存器的设计配置到芯片中,通过反熔丝FPGA的开发软件对各类布线资源的使用做出详细的分析。
[Abstract]:Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array) is a kind of programmable logic device (PLD,Programmable Logic Device),). PLD,Programmable Logic Device), has the advantages of user field programmable, high integration, high reliability and so on. After more than 30 years of rapid development, FPGA chip has gradually developed from cold-door device to the most important type of programmable device. It has been widely used in many fields such as computer hardware, automotive electronics, Internet of things and so on. Anti-fuse FPGA is a unique type of FPGA chip. It is a one-off programmable device with anti-fuse as the basic programming structure. Because the state of anti-fuse can not be turned over after programming, it has strong anti-irradiation ability, so anti-fuse FPGA is suitable for aerospace and other fields. China's anti-fuse FPGA industry is weak, and many key technical problems need to be studied. Wiring resource is an important part of anti-fuse FPGA, which is the basis of interconnecting the internal structure of the chip. It has great influence on the programming speed and working performance of the anti-fuse chip. Based on the above background, this paper has done a lot of research on the anti-fuse FPGA routing resources, the main research contents are as follows. Firstly, the basic principle of anti-fuse FPGA is studied. Combining with manufacturing process, the routing resources are divided into horizontal routing and vertical routing, which are further combined into horizontal and vertical channels. Finally, routing channels are used to construct the architecture of routing resources. Different circuit sub-modules have different requirements for wiring, so it is better to divide the wiring resources into different types to meet the needs of circuit design. According to this, the routing resources are divided into five types: vertical channel long line, horizontal routing, logical module input routing and logic module output routing. In addition to horizontal routing mainly used in wiring interconnection, the other four routing resources are directly related to logical modules. It can be seen that the design center of routing resources is logic modules. In addition to interconnection, wiring resources also play an important role in programming testing. In this paper, the auxiliary circuit modules of various wiring resources are designed, the structure of the wiring resources is improved, and the performance of the wiring resources is improved. The anti-fuse is located in the wiring resource, and the programming path of the anti-fuse is made up of the wiring resource. Different types of anti-fusing wires construct unique programming paths, which can not only successfully complete the programming process, but also avoid the appearance of false programming. In addition, the influence of wiring resources on FPGA programming order is analyzed, and a reasonable programming sequence is designed. In the last chapter, the usage of wiring resource in the test of chip programming is introduced. A function of shift register is also configured into the chip, and the use of all kinds of wiring resources is analyzed in detail by the development software of anti-fuse FPGA.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN791

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