高精度脉冲激光测距系统的研究设计
发布时间：2018-12-18 02:55
【摘要】：激光测距具有测量范围远、速度快、精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点,因此在测绘、建筑业、交通、工业及航空航天等各领域得到了广泛的应用。激光测距分为脉冲法和相位法两种,本文通过对激光测距的研究,旨在提供一种低成本、多功能、无线化的激光测距仪。本文首先介绍了激光测距的原理,选择了脉冲法作为本系统的测距方法,接着提出了系统的总体设计方案,设计的激光测距系统由激光发射电路、激光脉冲接收处理电路、时间间隔测量电路、基于TMS320F2812的主控制电路、Zigbee无线收发模块及软件系统组成,能够实现对目标物距离、面积、体积及高度的测量。其中激光发射电路部分采用了小功率、对人眼安全的半导体激光二极管作为系统的激光器,使用D触发器设计了激光驱动电路。激光脉冲接收处理电路包含回波信号接收处理电路和内部激光脉冲接收处理电路两个部分,选用PN光电二极管作为光电探测器,设计了前置电流电压转换电路实现了对光电二极管光电流的转换,针对信号信噪比低的特点,设计了低噪声的放大电路和滤波电路使得信噪比大幅提高,并对激光脉冲的开始时刻和回波信号的返回时刻进行了准确地鉴别。在时间间隔测量部分,采用时间转换数字技术设计了高精度的计时电路对激光脉冲的飞行时间进行了准确测量。主控制电路部分主要由TMS320F2812及其外围电路构成,负责扫描功能选择按键、控制激光发射电路产生激光脉冲、控制计时电路测量激光飞行时间、计算和处理数据、控制串口发送测量结果及液晶显示单元显示测量结果。Zigbee无线收发模块实现了测量数据的无线传输,软件系统主要包括数据测量程序、无线收发模块程序及上位机接收系统,上位机软件采用C#语言设计,方便用户查看数据和远程操作。本文最后对激光测距系统进行测试并提出了一种可降低测量误差的数据拟合算法,测量结果表明系统基本达到了设计的要求,具有成本低廉、使用方便、精度较高的特点和良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Laser ranging has been widely used in many fields such as surveying, construction, traffic, industry, aerospace and so on, because of its advantages such as wide range of measurement, high speed, high precision, strong anti-jamming ability and so on. Laser ranging can be divided into pulse method and phase method. The purpose of this paper is to provide a low cost, multi-function, wireless laser rangefinder through the research of laser ranging. This paper first introduces the principle of laser ranging, selects the pulse method as the ranging method of the system, and then puts forward the overall design scheme of the system. The laser ranging system is designed by laser transmitting circuit, laser pulse receiving and processing circuit. The time interval measuring circuit, the main control circuit based on TMS320F2812, the Zigbee wireless transceiver module and the software system, can measure the distance, area, volume and height of the object. In the part of laser emission circuit, the laser drive circuit is designed by using D flip-flop. The laser pulse receiving and processing circuit includes two parts: the echo signal receiving and processing circuit and the inner laser pulse receiving processing circuit. The PN photodiode is selected as the photodetector. The photocurrent conversion of photodiode is realized by designing the preposition current-voltage conversion circuit. Aiming at the characteristics of low signal-to-noise ratio, a low-noise amplifier circuit and filter circuit are designed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greatly. The initial time of the laser pulse and the return time of the echo signal are accurately identified. In the part of time interval measurement, time conversion digital technology is used to design a high precision timing circuit to accurately measure the time of flight of laser pulse. The main control circuit is composed of TMS320F2812 and its peripheral circuit, which is responsible for selecting keys for scanning function, controlling laser emission circuit to generate laser pulse, controlling timing circuit to measure laser flying time, calculating and processing data. The Zigbee wireless transceiver module realizes the wireless transmission of the measurement data. The software system mainly includes the data measurement program, the wireless transceiver module program and the host computer receiving system. PC software is designed in C # language to facilitate users to view data and remote operation. Finally, the laser ranging system is tested and a data fitting algorithm is proposed, which can reduce the measurement error. The measurement results show that the system basically meets the requirements of the design, with low cost and easy to use. High precision and good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN249
本文编号：2385209
[Abstract]:Laser ranging has been widely used in many fields such as surveying, construction, traffic, industry, aerospace and so on, because of its advantages such as wide range of measurement, high speed, high precision, strong anti-jamming ability and so on. Laser ranging can be divided into pulse method and phase method. The purpose of this paper is to provide a low cost, multi-function, wireless laser rangefinder through the research of laser ranging. This paper first introduces the principle of laser ranging, selects the pulse method as the ranging method of the system, and then puts forward the overall design scheme of the system. The laser ranging system is designed by laser transmitting circuit, laser pulse receiving and processing circuit. The time interval measuring circuit, the main control circuit based on TMS320F2812, the Zigbee wireless transceiver module and the software system, can measure the distance, area, volume and height of the object. In the part of laser emission circuit, the laser drive circuit is designed by using D flip-flop. The laser pulse receiving and processing circuit includes two parts: the echo signal receiving and processing circuit and the inner laser pulse receiving processing circuit. The PN photodiode is selected as the photodetector. The photocurrent conversion of photodiode is realized by designing the preposition current-voltage conversion circuit. Aiming at the characteristics of low signal-to-noise ratio, a low-noise amplifier circuit and filter circuit are designed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greatly. The initial time of the laser pulse and the return time of the echo signal are accurately identified. In the part of time interval measurement, time conversion digital technology is used to design a high precision timing circuit to accurately measure the time of flight of laser pulse. The main control circuit is composed of TMS320F2812 and its peripheral circuit, which is responsible for selecting keys for scanning function, controlling laser emission circuit to generate laser pulse, controlling timing circuit to measure laser flying time, calculating and processing data. The Zigbee wireless transceiver module realizes the wireless transmission of the measurement data. The software system mainly includes the data measurement program, the wireless transceiver module program and the host computer receiving system. PC software is designed in C # language to facilitate users to view data and remote operation. Finally, the laser ranging system is tested and a data fitting algorithm is proposed, which can reduce the measurement error. The measurement results show that the system basically meets the requirements of the design, with low cost and easy to use. High precision and good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN249
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 管敏杰;赵冬娥;;基于PIN型光电转换电路的噪声研究[J];电子测试;2012年02期
，本文编号：2385209
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/dianzigongchenglunwen/2385209.html
