一维银基半导体材料的制备及光催化性能研究
发布时间：2019-03-02 15:42
【摘要】：近年来,环境问题和资源短缺问题越来越得到人们的广泛关注,而环境污染给我们的生活及健康带来了更多消极影响,特别是水污染。目前常见的污水处理方法有物理吸附法,化学处理法和生物降解法,这些方法虽然也取得了一定成效,但是在应用时也存在很大的缺陷,比如效率低,耗能比较高,处理周期长等而不能大规模应用,这就决定了我们需要找一种绿色环保,节能,安全稳定高效,且无二次污染的污水处理技术。在众多污水处理技术中,光催化技术得到科研工作者们的普遍关注。光催化技术主要是利用太阳光辐射半导体材料,半导体材料能有效降解污水中的污染物。该技术的主要部分是半导体催化剂材料。目前Ag基半导体材料由于具有特殊的性能在光催化领域独树一帜,得到了广泛应用。本文主要探究一系列一维Ag基化合物及复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究开展工作,从以下几个方面进行研究：1.酸刻蚀阴离子交换法快速制备AgnX(X=S,Cl, PO4, C2O4)纳米管及光催化性能研究本章节主要阐述了一种快速制备一系列银化合物纳米管的方法,比如Ag2S, AgCl,Ag3PO4,和Ag2C2O4。阴离子交换发生于无水有机溶剂中,反应在室温下10分钟左右就可以完成。我们通过由Ag2CO3纳米棒到一系列银化合物的核壳结构的变化过程证明酸刻蚀阴离子交换的过程。结果发现产物的形貌可以通过改变酸的浓度和有机溶剂来调控,有机溶剂通过控制反应物的扩散速率在纳米管的合成过程中也扮着重要的角色。结果证明制备的AgCl和Ag3PO4纳米管具有优异的降解有机污染物的性能,并同时具有很好的光催化循环性能。2.Z-型三元异质复合材料Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr的制备及其光催化性能研究银基化合物被认为是高效可见光催化材料中一个新的一员。然而,这类催化剂材料比较容易腐蚀,导致其活性大大降低,所以寻找一种简便可行的方法合成结构稳定,活性高的银基异质纳米结构仍具有很大的挑战。本工作,我们在室温下先通过光还原再阴离子交换法合成了组分可调的一维Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr三元异质纳米棒。制备的一维Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr三元异质材料在可见光下具有更高的光催化活性和稳定性。我们通过捕获剂测试,进一步探讨了较高的活性和稳定性的原因,并提出了Z-型可能的光催化机理。3.三元异质复合材料Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI的制备及其光催化性能研究本工作中我们在室温下先通过可见光照还原Ag2CO3纳米棒使其表面长生少量Ag颗粒,再在纳米棒表面沉积一种导电性好性能优异的高分子材料聚苯胺(PANI),使金属化合物与高分子材料有机结合,合成了组分可调的一维Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI三元异质纳米棒。制备的一维Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI三元异质材料在可见光下具有比Ag2CO3/Ag更高的光催化活性和稳定性。我们通过捕获剂测试探讨了光催化过程中起主要作用的活性基团,并进一步探讨了此异质复合材料性能提高的原因。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems and resource shortages have become more and more concerned, and the environmental pollution has brought more negative effects to our lives and health, in particular water pollution. At present, the common sewage treatment method has the physical adsorption method, the chemical treatment method and the biodegradation method, and the method also has certain effect, but also has great defects in the application, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, long treatment cycle and the like, and can not be used for large-scale application, This determines that we need to find a sewage treatment technology with green, environment-friendly, energy-saving, safe and stable and high-efficiency and no secondary pollution. In many sewage treatment technologies, photocatalytic technology has been widely concerned by scientific researchers. The photocatalysis technology mainly utilizes the sunlight to radiate the semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material can effectively degrade the pollutants in the sewage. The main part of the technique is a semiconductor catalyst material. At present, the Ag-based semiconductor material is unique in the photocatalysis field due to the special performance, and the Ag-based semiconductor material is widely applied. The preparation and photocatalytic performance of a series of one-dimensional Ag-based compound and composite materials are mainly studied in this paper, and the following aspects are studied:1. The rapid preparation of AgnX (X = S, Cl, PO4, C2O4) nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties by acid-etching anion exchange method mainly describes a method for preparing a series of silver compound nanotubes quickly, such as Ag2S, AgCl, Ag3PO4, and Ag2C2O4. The anion exchange takes place in an anhydrous organic solvent, and the reaction can be carried out at about 10 minutes at room temperature. The process of acid etching anion exchange was demonstrated by the change of the core-shell structure of Ag2CO3 nanorods to a series of silver compounds. The results show that the morphology of the product can be regulated by changing the concentration of the acid and the organic solvent, and the organic solvent plays an important role in the synthesis of the nanotubes by controlling the diffusion rate of the reactants. the results show that the prepared agcl and ag3po4 nanotubes have excellent performance for degrading organic pollutants, The preparation and photocatalytic properties of the 2. Z-type ternary heterogeneous composite Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr and their photocatalytic properties are considered to be a new one of the high efficiency visible light catalytic materials. However, this kind of catalyst material is easy to corrode, and the activity is greatly reduced, so it is found that a simple and feasible method for synthesizing the silver-based heterostructure with stable structure and high activity still has a great challenge. The one-dimensional Ag2CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ 3/ Ag/ AgBr ternary nanorod with adjustable components was synthesized by photoreduction and re-anion exchange at room temperature. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr three-way material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light. The reason of higher activity and stability is further discussed by the capture agent test, and the possible light catalytic mechanism of Z-type is proposed. The preparation of the ternary heterogeneous composite material Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI and the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterogeneous composite material are as follows: the Ag2CO3 nano-rod is first reduced by visible light at room temperature to make the surface of the Ag particles grow on a small amount of Ag particles, and a high-molecular material polyaniline (PANI) with excellent conductivity and good performance is deposited on the surface of the nano-rod, And the one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous nano-rods with adjustable components are synthesized by organically combining the metal compound and the high-molecular material. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light than Ag2CO3/ Ag. In this paper, the active groups which play a major role in the photocatalytic process are discussed by the capture agent test, and the reasons for the improvement of the performance of the heterostructure are further discussed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O643.36;TN304
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems and resource shortages have become more and more concerned, and the environmental pollution has brought more negative effects to our lives and health, in particular water pollution. At present, the common sewage treatment method has the physical adsorption method, the chemical treatment method and the biodegradation method, and the method also has certain effect, but also has great defects in the application, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, long treatment cycle and the like, and can not be used for large-scale application, This determines that we need to find a sewage treatment technology with green, environment-friendly, energy-saving, safe and stable and high-efficiency and no secondary pollution. In many sewage treatment technologies, photocatalytic technology has been widely concerned by scientific researchers. The photocatalysis technology mainly utilizes the sunlight to radiate the semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material can effectively degrade the pollutants in the sewage. The main part of the technique is a semiconductor catalyst material. At present, the Ag-based semiconductor material is unique in the photocatalysis field due to the special performance, and the Ag-based semiconductor material is widely applied. The preparation and photocatalytic performance of a series of one-dimensional Ag-based compound and composite materials are mainly studied in this paper, and the following aspects are studied:1. The rapid preparation of AgnX (X = S, Cl, PO4, C2O4) nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties by acid-etching anion exchange method mainly describes a method for preparing a series of silver compound nanotubes quickly, such as Ag2S, AgCl, Ag3PO4, and Ag2C2O4. The anion exchange takes place in an anhydrous organic solvent, and the reaction can be carried out at about 10 minutes at room temperature. The process of acid etching anion exchange was demonstrated by the change of the core-shell structure of Ag2CO3 nanorods to a series of silver compounds. The results show that the morphology of the product can be regulated by changing the concentration of the acid and the organic solvent, and the organic solvent plays an important role in the synthesis of the nanotubes by controlling the diffusion rate of the reactants. the results show that the prepared agcl and ag3po4 nanotubes have excellent performance for degrading organic pollutants, The preparation and photocatalytic properties of the 2. Z-type ternary heterogeneous composite Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr and their photocatalytic properties are considered to be a new one of the high efficiency visible light catalytic materials. However, this kind of catalyst material is easy to corrode, and the activity is greatly reduced, so it is found that a simple and feasible method for synthesizing the silver-based heterostructure with stable structure and high activity still has a great challenge. The one-dimensional Ag2CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ 3/ Ag/ AgBr ternary nanorod with adjustable components was synthesized by photoreduction and re-anion exchange at room temperature. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr three-way material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light. The reason of higher activity and stability is further discussed by the capture agent test, and the possible light catalytic mechanism of Z-type is proposed. The preparation of the ternary heterogeneous composite material Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI and the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterogeneous composite material are as follows: the Ag2CO3 nano-rod is first reduced by visible light at room temperature to make the surface of the Ag particles grow on a small amount of Ag particles, and a high-molecular material polyaniline (PANI) with excellent conductivity and good performance is deposited on the surface of the nano-rod, And the one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous nano-rods with adjustable components are synthesized by organically combining the metal compound and the high-molecular material. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light than Ag2CO3/ Ag. In this paper, the active groups which play a major role in the photocatalytic process are discussed by the capture agent test, and the reasons for the improvement of the performance of the heterostructure are further discussed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O643.36;TN304
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