基于MEMS的数字地震检波器的研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 20:18

本文关键词： MEMS技术地震勘探数字检波器 delta-sigma AD转换器双缓存SDRAM　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是以MEMS技术传感器为研究基础,依附于路基溶洞监测工程,设计新型的精度更高的MEMS数字地震检波器,来替代传统模拟地震检波器,打破国外技术的垄断。本文详细地调研了地震检波器技术在国内外的发展现状;简要分析了小型化数字化检波器技术的指标要求;对MEMS数字检波器发展的趋势以及传统检波器和数字检波器的优缺点做了对比分析;同时对适用于路基桥梁等工程地下探测的MEMS数字地震检波器系统进行了以下研究:①通过分析MEMS传感器的工作原理及制作工艺研究,建立了其相应的力学和电学模型,并对本项目中所用的MEMS传感器进行了后期调理电路的设计与实现。②MEMS传感器采集到的地震波初始信号仍然是模拟信号,直接传输难以避免会掺杂许多噪声干扰信号。为了增强采集信号的抗干扰能力,需要进行快速数字化传输,本文设计了24位高精度delta-sigma AD转换器原理图及PCB板图,并对AD采样波特率进行了可选择化软件控制。③探测地层越深,所采集的数据量就越大,为了能对地下更深层的地质结构进行勘探检测,本项目设计了512bit双缓存SDRAM芯片,采用FPGA微控处理器进行高速缓存及传输的控制。④在完成整个硬件系统后,运用了signal Tap II对系统设计器件的性能及工作准确性进行了仿真验证。⑤基于dot NET平台,建立了MEMS数字化检波器相应软件之间的通信,并设计实现了对单检波器采集数据存储、实时时域波形显示及格式转换的功能。⑥在MEMS数字地震检波器系统设计稳定后,为了验证检波器在复杂环境下的采集效果,在野外进行了实地检测试验,并对采集数据进行时频特性、噪声干扰等性能分析研究,实验结果表明,本文设计的数字检波器能够胜任野外地震勘探的要求。本文设计的检波器在保证其测量精度下,主要在检波器小型化,数字化传输上取得了突破,该研究成果将为国内检波器向数字化发展起到推动作用。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the MEMS technology sensor, attached to the subgrade cave monitoring project, designed a new type of higher precision MEMS digital seismograph to replace the traditional analog seismic geophone. To break the monopoly of foreign technology, this paper investigates the development of geophone technology at home and abroad in detail; The index requirements of miniaturized digital geophone are briefly analyzed. The development trend of MEMS digital geophone and the advantages and disadvantages of traditional geophone and digital detector are compared and analyzed. At the same time, the MEMS digital seismic geophone system suitable for subgrade bridge and other underground detection is studied as follows: 1 through analyzing the working principle and manufacturing technology of MEMS sensor. The corresponding mechanical and electrical models are established. And the design and implementation of the MEMS sensor used in this project in the later stage of conditioning circuit design and implementation. The initial signal of seismic wave collected by the 0.2 MEMS sensor is still analog signal. Direct transmission is difficult to avoid a lot of noise interference signals. In order to enhance the anti-jamming ability of the collected signals, fast digital transmission is needed. In this paper, a 24-bit high-precision delta-sigma AD converter schematic diagram and PCB board diagram are designed, and the selective software for AD sampling baud rate is used to control the depth of the formation. 3. In order to detect the deeper underground geological structure, a 512bit dual-buffer SDRAM chip is designed. The FPGA microprocessor is used for cache and transmission control. 4. After the completion of the whole hardware system. Signal Tap II is used to verify the performance and accuracy of the system design device. 5. 5 is based on dot NET platform. The communication between the corresponding software of MEMS digital geophone is established, and the data storage of single geophone is designed and realized. Real-time time Domain Waveform display and format conversion function .6 after the design of MEMS digital seismograph system is stable, in order to verify the acquisition effect of the detector in complex environment, field testing experiments are carried out in the field. The time-frequency characteristics and noise interference of the collected data are analyzed and studied. The experimental results show that. The digital geophone designed in this paper can meet the requirements of field seismic exploration. The geophone designed in this paper has achieved a breakthrough in the miniaturization of geophone and digital transmission in order to ensure its measuring accuracy. The research results will promote the digital development of domestic geophone.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.436

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