鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段构造建模

发布时间：2018-02-10 02:40

本文关键词： 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段地质结构特征断裂带构造演化控制因素　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段处于盆地西缘南、北两段转换带位置。近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段延长组和延安组发现了多个高产工业油流井,显示出较大的勘探潜力。该地区地质条件复杂、构造样式多变,已发现油藏与断层、构造关系密切,但该区构造及断层的性质、分布特征和不同区域构造模型尚不明确。论文选取鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段为研究对象,综合运用断层相关褶皱理论、地球物理学、沉积岩石学及构造地质学等学科理论,以大量众多高密度二维地震资料与三维地震资料、钻井资料、野外露头剖面及测井资料为基础,对研究区地质结构特征、不同断裂带构造特征及不同构造带构造演化及其控制因素详细研究,从而建立鄂尔多斯西缘中段不同区域构造模型,取得的主要成果如下:(1)通过野外露头、钻井资料和地震资料等,依据不整合面发育特征,整个研究区划分为5个构造层,即新元古界构造层、下古生界构造层、上古生界构造层、中生界构造层和新生界构造层。因此,可知研究区是多期构造运动控制形成的。(2)在研究区内构造-层序地层研究、地震资料解释、不同层位断层组合的基础上,结合浅表地质剖面,将研究区划分为3个大的构造带:石沟驿向斜、前缘过渡带和天环坳陷。其中,前缘过渡带可分南、北两个区。北区分为积家井冲断席、海子井冲断席和马家滩冲断席三个次级构造单元,马家滩冲断席具有明显的分段特征,可分为北部、中部和南部三个三级构造带。北部区域前缘过渡带以积家井断裂、马家滩断裂为主,沿石炭-二叠系或三叠系刘家沟组形成叠瓦构造,次级逆冲断裂和反冲断裂局部区域发育,变形前缘马家滩地区构造复杂,不同断裂带滑脱层存在差异。南区分为沈家庄冲断席、马儿庄冲断席和余家梁冲断席三个次级构造带,前缘过渡带以沈家庄断裂、马儿庄断裂为主,沿石炭-二叠系或三叠系刘家沟组形成叠瓦构造,次级断裂发育,滑脱层存在明显差异性,断层具有明显的分段性,前缘过渡带和天环坳陷前缘三角带发育。可知各个冲断席均受逆冲断层控制,地质结构特征存在明显差异,构造特征复杂、多变,存在多个转换带,分段性明显。(3)惠安堡-沙井子断裂带发育石沟驿向斜,其余5个断裂带(积家井断裂带、海子井断裂带、马家滩断裂带、沈家庄断裂带、马儿庄断裂带和余家梁断裂带)发育断背斜,断裂带主要沉积二叠系、三叠系、中-下侏罗统、下白垩统和第四系,平面上呈北西向、北北西向和近南北向展布;断层均具有“上陡下缓”的特征,惠安堡-沙井子断裂断距大,水平断距最高可达12km,其余断裂带断裂最大水平断距在1500-5000m之间。惠安堡-沙井子断裂早期是拉张环境下形成的正断层,后期停止活动;燕山期,该断裂构造反转,逆冲推覆开始发育,燕山中期,逆冲推覆作用最为强烈;喜马拉雅期,该断裂继承性的逆冲推覆;其余断裂燕山早期开始逆冲推覆,燕山中期,逆冲推覆作用最强,喜马拉雅期,继承性的逆冲推覆。可知,研究区早期处于拉张环境,局部区域发育正断层。燕山期,早期断层构造反转,逆冲推覆作用强烈,断距较大,前缘过渡带后期形成大量逆冲断层,构造运动强烈,地质结构特征复杂,断距相对较小。(4)研究区及邻区主要发育3种构造变形:(1)伸展-聚敛旋回制约的反转构造断裂系统;(2)陆内造山带变形系统制约的扩展式前陆变形系统;(3)后陆造山后伸展变形系统。可知,反转构造断裂系统是早期形成的正断层后期构造反转形成的叠加变形系统;扩展式前陆变形系统是燕山期挤压变形形成的逆冲推覆构造变形系统;造山后伸展变形系统是新生代以来周缘相对下降形成的断陷盆地。
[Abstract]:Erdos basin in middle basin west margin of South, north two section transition zone position. In recent years, in the middle of the west margin of Ordos Basin and Yanan Erdos group wells a high-yield industrial oil, showing great exploration potential. The geological conditions of the area are complex, tectonic styles varied, have been found with the reservoir fault structure is closely related, but the nature and tectonic faults in this area, the distribution characteristics and different regional tectonic model is not clear. This paper selects the western margin of Erdos basin as the research object, the integrated use of the theory of fault related fold, geophysics, sedimentary petrology and structural geology theory, with a large number of many high density 2D seismic data with 3D seismic data, drilling data, outcrop and well logging data, the geological structure of the study area characteristic, and syntectonic tectonic characteristics with different fault zone A detailed study of evolution and its controlling factors, so as to establish different regional tectonic model Erdos west section, the main results are as follows: (1) through the outcrop, drilling data and seismic data, on the basis of unconformity development characteristics, the study area is divided into 5 structural layers, namely Neoproterozoic tectonic layer, lower Paleozoic the structural layers, the upper Paleozoic tectonic layer, Mesozoic tectonic layer and Cenozoic tectonic layers. Therefore, the study area is a multi period tectonic movement formed. (2) in the study area of tectonic sequence stratigraphy, seismic data interpretation, based on different layers of fault combination, combined with superficial geological section the study area is divided into 3 major tectonic belt: Shigouyi syncline, front belt and Tianhuan depression. Among them, the front transition zone can be divided into two zones. North south, north is divided into Jaeger Le Coulter wells thrust sheet, Hai Zi Jing thrust sheet and Majiatan thrust sheet three A secondary tectonic unit, Majiatan thrust sheet has obvious characteristics of segmentation, can be divided into three northern, central and southern three tectonic belt. With Jaeger Le Coulter wells fault in northern Majiatan area in front of the transition, mainly along the fracture, the Carboniferous Permian or Triassic Liujiagou formation imbricate structure, secondary thrust fracture and fracture recoil local area development, structural deformation front Majiatan area is complex, there are different fault slip layer difference. Southern District is divided into Shen Jia Zhuang thrust sheet, the horse Zhuang thrust sheet and more than three seats of secondary beam thrust tectonic zone, transition zone in front Shen Jia Zhuang fracture, mainly along the horse Zhuang fracture. The Carboniferous Permian or Triassic Liujiagou formation imbricate structure, secondary faults, there are obvious differences decollement fault has obvious segmentation, with the development of the delta front in the transitional belt and Tianhuan. When all seats are thrust Controlled by thrust faults, there exist obvious differences in geological structure characteristics, structural characteristics of complex and changeable, the existence of multiple conversion zone, obvious segmentation. (3) Shigouyi syncline belts Fort Huian - Shajingzi fault, the remaining 5 fault zone (Jaeger Le Coulter wells wells Haizi fault zone, fault zone, Majiatan fault zone Shen Jia Zhuang, fault zone, fault zone and the beam over the horse Zhuang fault zone) growth anticline, Triassic fracture zone, the main sedimentary Permian, middle lower Jurassic, lower Cretaceous and Quaternary, the plane is north to west, NNW and nearly north-south distribution; faults are characterized with "on the steep slowly," Huian Bao - Shajingzi fault fault distance, fault distance can reach the highest level of 12km, the maximum horizontal fault fault distance between 1500-5000m. Huian fort - Shajingzi fault early normal faults were formed in extensional environment, late stop activities; Yanshan period, the anti fracture structure Turn, thrusting the development of mid Yanshan, thrusting the most intense; Himalaya period, the fault thrust of inheritance; the rest of Yanshan fault in early thrusting, mid Yanshan, thrusting the strongest, Himalaya period, inherited the thrust of in the early research area. Therefore, extensional environment, regional development. Yanshan normal fault period, early fault tectonic inversion, strong thrust, breaking away from the larger leading edge transition zone late formation of large thrust fault, strong tectonic movement, geological structure is complex, the fault distance is relatively small (4). The study area and its adjacent area mainly developed 3 kinds of tectonic deformation: (1) the extension and restriction inversion tectonic compressional cycle fault system; (2) intracontinental orogenic belt deformation control system extended foreland deformation system; (3) after the post orogenic extensional deformation system. The reverse fault system is an early form The superimposed deformation system formed by the late tectonic inversion of the normal fault is formed. The extended foreland deformation system is a thrust nappe deformation system formed by the extrusion deformation in the Yanshan period. The post orogenic extensional deformation system is a faulted basin formed by the relative decline of the periphery since the Cenozoic era.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P542

【相似文献】