多源遥感数据在河套盆地第四纪地质与土地资源调查中的应用

发布时间：2018-02-13 15:52

  本文关键词： 多源遥感数据 河套平原 第四纪地质 土地利用　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河套平原覆盖区地表基本为晚更新世(Qp3)以来的沉积物所覆盖,如何开展平原区的第四纪地质填图、填图的内容及成果的表达等一直是个难题。前人在研究区及周边地区对基岩、矿产、活动构造做过一系列地质调查及遥感方面研究工作,但对于河套盆地内第四系的成因类型、微地形及微地貌、新构造运动的地貌响应及活动断裂空间展布与土地利用现状及盐渍化程度定量分析等方面研究较为薄弱。为此开展的填图试点工作中,进行遥感地质调查至关重要。本文基于多源遥感数据,在充分吸收、梳理前人的研究资料和成果及其存在问题的基础上。对河套盆地第四纪地质、新构造、活动构造、土地利用状况开展多源遥感数据的方法研究。本文取得的主要成果有:(1)根据研究区内第四系分布状况以及区内构造活动性差异,对SPOT-6、ASTER数据进行了波段合成、波段融合、直方图均衡化、主成分分析等一系列数字增强处理,利用DEM数据及无人机航测数据定性、定量的提取地貌特征参数,建立了在河套盆地开展多源遥感数据研究的遥感技术处理流程。(2)根据SPOT-6、ASTER数据识别区内的不同地质体的不同影纹特征,初步确定区内第四系的分布及相对时序的划分,并通过野外实地验证建立第四纪沉积物的遥感解译标志,指导后期填图工作。(3)利用无人机对测区进行航空摄影测量提取高精度DEM数据并进行渲染后,从宏观尺度上解译、分析河流阶地的展布和延伸方向等形态特征及属性,结合野外河流阶地剖面测制确定河流阶地的物质组成及级序。对山前活动断裂带活动断裂的断裂地貌错段特征及其几何学、运动学特征的研究,提取了新构造、活动构造等方面的定量数据,分析山前活动断裂垂直运动与水平错动的活动强度。(4)对研究区的土地利用各地类面积进行量化统计并对数据精细分析,进而对研究区土地利用结构、土地利用空间差异、土地利用程度进行了系统研究。为河套盆地的土地利用规划提供基础参考资料。
[Abstract]:The surface of Hetao Plain overlying area is basically covered by sediments since late Pleistocene (Qp3). How to develop Quaternary geological mapping in plain area, the content of mapping and the expression of results have always been a difficult problem. A series of geological surveys and remote sensing studies have been done on minerals and active structures, but for the genetic types, microtopography and microtopography of Quaternary systems in the Hetao Basin, The geomorphic response of neotectonic movement, the distribution of active fault space, the present situation of land use and the quantitative analysis of salinization degree are relatively weak. It is very important to carry out remote sensing geological survey. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this paper studies the Quaternary geology, neotectonics and active structures of Hetao Basin on the basis of fully absorbing and combing the previous research data and achievements as well as the existing problems. The main achievements of this paper are: 1) according to the distribution of Quaternary system and the difference of tectonic activity in the study area, the SPOT-6 ASTER data are synthesized and fused. Histogram equalization, principal component analysis and a series of digital enhancement processing, using DEM data and UAV aerial survey data qualitative, quantitative extraction of geomorphological parameters, The processing flow of remote sensing technology for multi-source remote sensing data research in Hetao basin is established. According to the different shaded features of different geological bodies in the SPOT-6 / ASTER data identification area, the distribution of Quaternary system and the division of relative time series in this area are preliminarily determined. The remote sensing interpretation mark of Quaternary sediments is established through field verification, and later mapping work is directed. The UAV is used to carry out aerial photogrammetry to extract high-precision DEM data and render them, and then interpret them from the macro scale. Based on the analysis of the distribution and extension direction of river terraces, the material composition and sequence of river terraces are determined in combination with field river terrace profiling. The characteristics and geometry of fault-geomorphological faults in active fault zones in front of mountains are analyzed. Based on the study of kinematics, quantitative data of neotectonic and active structures are extracted. The paper analyzes the vertical movement of active faults in front of mountains and the activity intensity of horizontal dislocation. It makes quantitative statistics on the area of land use in the study area and fine analysis of the data, and then analyzes the land use structure and the spatial difference of land use in the study area. The land use degree is studied systematically, which provides basic reference materials for land use planning of Hetao basin.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301;P627
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本文编号：1508529