矿井瞬变电磁装置的改进与应用技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 18:15

本文选题：瞬变电磁　切入点：矿井　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山西省是我国的产煤大省，年产量占到全国煤炭年产量的1/4，而且在未来很长的时间里，煤炭仍将是我省的支柱产业。伴随煤矿生产带来的巨大财富，煤矿安全预警一直以来都是困扰煤矿企业的难题，而在各类灾害事故中，水害又是仅次于瓦斯事故的第二大灾害。做好煤矿水害的超前预警工作，对保障煤矿企业正常生产，保护工作人员的生命财产有着重要的意义。目前用于煤矿下水害超前探测的方法很多，包括高密度电法、瞬变电磁法、地震反射法、雷达法、TSP超前预报方法等，矿井瞬变电磁的发展是以地面瞬变电磁为基础，在应用时需要考虑矿井巷道的全空间条件。由于矿井瞬变电磁法对低阻体反映灵敏，具有分辨率高、探测深度大、施工便捷、定向性好等特点，被认为是探测具有低电阻率的含水带最有效的方法之一，，可利用瞬变电磁技术对矿井巷道顶底板、左右侧帮及掘进面前方实施全方位探测。本文首先从麦克斯韦方程组出发，介绍了主要应用于地面的半空间瞬变电磁法和应用于矿井下的全空间瞬变电磁法的理论基础。由于半空间瞬变电磁法更为成熟，矿井瞬变电磁法的数学模型、全空间视电阻率计算以及深度计算等方面会更多的参考半空间理论，得出了两个导体半空间分界面上垂直偶极子的电磁场的分布，计算了矿井全空间晚期视电阻率和校正系数，并且得到在矿井巷道内，瞬变电磁的探测深度是地面深度的1~1.2倍的结论。其次，本文针对矿井瞬变电磁设备设计的不足，包括在关断瞬间发射电流的下降时间过长以及重叠回线互感强烈等，对瞬变电磁的发射电路进行了改进，设计了控制、驱动、发射电路，改变了发射电路的关断顺序，同时采用瞬变电磁磁探头代替传统接收线圈作为传感器，对接收机的采样门设置和磁探头的幅频特性和结构做了介绍。最后，本文介绍了同煤四台矿的水文地质条件，并在四台矿下多个有突水隐患的工作面进行了瞬变电磁探水实验，对系统的整机效果进行了测试，同时将磁探头和线圈在矿井下的探测性能进行了对比。实验测试结果表明，改进后的瞬变电磁系统能够在矿井下对低阻异常水体实现更精确的探测。
[Abstract]:Shanxi Province is the largest coal-producing province in China, accounting for a quarter of the country's annual coal output, and in a very long period of time, coal will still be the pillar industry of our province. With the huge wealth brought by coal mine production, Coal mine safety early warning has always been a difficult problem for coal mining enterprises, and among all kinds of disaster accidents, water disaster is the second most serious disaster after gas accident. To ensure the normal production of coal mine enterprises, it is necessary to do well the advance warning work of coal mine water hazard. It is of great significance to protect the life and property of the staff. At present, there are many methods used to detect water hazards in coal mines, including high-density electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, seismic reflection method, radar method and tsp advanced prediction method. The development of mine transient electromagnetic is based on ground transient electromagnetic. It is necessary to consider the full space condition of mine roadway when it is applied. Because mine transient electromagnetic method is sensitive to the low resistance body, has the characteristics of high resolution, high detection depth, convenient construction, good orientation, etc. It is considered to be one of the most effective methods to detect the water-bearing zone with low resistivity. The transient electromagnetic technique can be used to detect the roof and bottom plate of mine roadway, the left and right side of the tunnel and the front of the excavation. Based on Maxwell's equations, this paper first introduces the theoretical basis of the semi-space transient electromagnetic method which is mainly applied to the ground and the whole space transient electromagnetic method under the mine. Because the half-space transient electromagnetic method is more mature, the half-space transient electromagnetic method is more mature. The mathematical model of mine transient electromagnetic method, the calculation of full space apparent resistivity and depth calculation will have more reference half-space theory, and the distribution of the electromagnetic field of vertical dipole on the semi-space boundary of two conductors is obtained. The late apparent resistivity and correction coefficient in the whole space of the mine are calculated, and it is concluded that the detection depth of transient electromagnetic in the mine roadway is 1or 1.2 times that of the ground depth. Secondly, aiming at the shortage of the design of transient electromagnetic equipment in mine, including the long time of decreasing current in turn off moment and the strong mutual inductance of overlapping loop, this paper improves the transmission circuit of transient electromagnetic, designs the control and drive, and so on. The transmission circuit changes the turn-off sequence of the transmission circuit. At the same time, the transient electromagnetic magnetic probe is used instead of the traditional receiving coil as the sensor. The sampling gate setting of the receiver and the amplitude and frequency characteristics and structure of the magnetic probe are introduced. Finally, this paper introduces the hydrogeological conditions of Sitai Coal Mine, and carries out transient electromagnetic water exploration experiments on several working faces with potential water inrush under the Sitai Coal Mine, and tests the effect of the whole system. At the same time, the detection performance of the magnetic probe and the coil under the mine is compared. The experimental results show that the improved transient electromagnetic system can more accurately detect the low resistivity abnormal water body under the mine.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.325

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