普里兹湾表层沉积物粒度、矿物特征及晚第四纪古海洋学记录
发布时间:2018-03-20 19:18
本文选题:东南极 切入点:普里兹湾 出处:《国家海洋局第一海洋研究所》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:普里兹湾位于南大洋印度洋扇区,是东南极大陆边缘最大的海湾,其南端与兰伯特冰川-埃默里冰架体系相连接,是东南极冰盖演化及冰海相互作用的关键地区。本论文以普里兹湾及邻近海域表层沉积物及北部陆坡区P4-01岩芯为研究对象,初步探讨了该海区表层沉积物的粒度、矿物特征及物源指示意义,以及北部陆坡区大约52万年以来的古海洋学演变特征,获得以下几点认识:(1)受水深/海底地形、海流及冰山等多元环境要素制约,研究区沉积环境差异较大。陆架地区可以划分为两个区域,在Ⅰ区,包括弗拉姆浅滩、埃默里冰架前缘地区、达利恩角附近海域(Burton海盆)和四夫人浅滩,沉积物中砂和砾石含量高,冰筏碎屑含量高,海底沉积物的供应明显受埃默里冰架及其他入海冰川、海流及冰山的主要筏运路径等因素制约。陆架区Ⅱ区,包括埃默里海盆、普里兹水道和Svenner水道等,沉积物中粉砂含量较高,砂和砾石含量较低,主要受水深、海流等因素影响,其中埃默里海盆位处于普里兹环流中心,沉积物粒度较细,分选较好。陆架坡折以北半深海-深海区(科奥珀雷申海)以粘土质粉砂为主,砂和砾石含量较低,沉积物的搬运和沉积受底流、陆坡流、重力流、陆架-陆坡物质交换以及冰山等因素制约。(2)普里兹湾陆架沉积物中重矿物的含量整体上自东向西逐渐减小。四夫人浅滩区沉积物中角闪石的富集可能与伊丽莎白公主地一带的富角闪石正片麻岩有关,而埃默里冰架前缘沉积物中角闪石可能部分来源于兰伯特—埃默里冰架的输运,因为该流域盆地发现有角闪岩相片麻岩露头;弗拉姆浅滩区沉积物中角闪石含量极高,说明该地区沉积物可能部分来源于麦克罗伯逊地的紫苏花岗岩侵入体。金红石、独居石和黝帘石等重矿物仅出现四夫人浅滩、埃默里海盆和普里兹水道区,前者可能来源于西福尔丘陵区的高级变质片麻岩,后者与普里兹环流和西向的沿岸流搬运有关。在近岸地区,电气石和辰砂仅出现在弗拉姆浅滩一带,其来源可能与麦克罗伯逊地的紫苏花岗岩侵入体有关。埃默里冰架前缘区沉积物中磁铁矿含量高,其来源于兰伯特—埃默里冰架系统的输运。研究区北部半深海-深海区(科奥珀雷申海)沉积物中重矿物的组成与兰伯特地堑区基岩的重矿物组成相似,且各重矿物含量体现了研究区重矿物的总体特点,说明普里兹湾北部半深海—深海毗邻区沉积物主要来源于东南极大陆。(3)研究区表层沉积物中粘土矿物的变化不大,主要表现在蒙脱石含量和伊利石化学指数上存在差异。四夫人浅滩沉积物中伊利石的化学指数偏低,蒙脱石含量较高,其来源可能与伊丽莎白公主地入海冰川有关。埃默里冰架前缘沉积物中蒙脱石和高岭石含量最高,其来源与兰伯特—埃默里冰架系统的输运有关;Svenner水道区沉积物中蒙脱石含量低于四夫人浅滩和埃默里冰架前缘区沉积物,伊利石化学指数介于四夫人浅滩和埃默里冰架前缘沉积物之间,其物源可能受兰伯特—艾默里冰架系统和伊丽莎白公主地影响。弗拉姆浅滩和达利恩角附近沉积物中蒙脱石和高岭石含量较高,可能受到麦克罗伯逊地小型冰川输运的影响。在埃默里海盆和普里兹水道区,粘土矿物的混合效应比较明显,蒙脱石和高岭石含量与埃默里冰架前缘和弗拉姆浅滩沉积物大体相似,这可能是受到普里兹环流的影响。研究区北部半深海-深海区(科奥珀雷申海)沉积物中粘土矿物表现出多源混合得特点,其蒙脱石和高岭石含量低于普里兹湾陆架沉积物,与陆坡区接近,说明深海-半深海沉积物是陆架、陆坡物质向外海输运的结果。(4)通过对普里兹湾北部陆坡区P4-01岩芯沉积物的颜色反射率、粒度、粘土矿物、浮游有孔虫N.Pachyderma壳体的氧碳同位素年代地层学分析,提取了该地区大约52万年以来的冰-海相互作用信息。P4-01岩芯位于南极辐散带,是南极绕极深层水和变性的绕极深层水(CDW/MCDW)的上涌区,同时受到陆架水的影响,因此有孔虫壳体的氧同位素组成受到表层海水温度、水团、海冰-冰架等综合影响。该海区间冰期表层海水温度基本上高于0.5℃,氧同位素7期(MIS7)表层水温最高达3℃。冰期δ18O值偏重,表层海水年平均温度降低,冰架扩张,季节性海冰覆盖区北移,南极绕极流的主要影响区域也随之北移。冰期-间冰期南大洋沉积物中冰筏碎屑的含量高低与海表0℃水温线为界,北侧海区沉积物中冰筏碎屑含量的增加发生在冰期,南侧海区沉积物中冰筏碎屑的增加发生在间冰期。P4-01岩芯取样位置位于该0℃等温线附近偏南,冰筏碎屑的含量在MIS1期、MIS3期、MIS5期、MIS7期、MIS9期、MIS11期和MIS13期等间冰期或暖期高,说明该时期气候的转暖使得冰盖/冰架退缩,冰架/入海冰川解体形成大量冰山,并将其携带的碎屑物质搬运到南大洋沉积。分选级粉砂和粘土组分的含量可指示底流强弱,其旋回变化显示冰期底流较弱,有利于粘土沉降;间冰期南极绕极流主轴南移,陆架-陆坡水体交换加强,底流增大,对沉积物的搬运和簸选加强。岩芯沉积物中粘土矿物主要来源于陆架地区,冰期-间冰期冰盖-冰架-冰山-海冰、水团-海洋锋面及海流的南北向迁移与强弱变化使陆坡区沉积物粘土矿物组成及伊利石化学指标等波动较大。
[Abstract]:The Prydz Bay in the Southern Ocean India ocean sector, is the largest continental margin of southeast Bay, which is connected with Lambert Amery at the southern end of glacier ice shelf system, is the key area of Antarctic ice sheet evolution and ice interaction. Southeast of the P4-01 surface sediments of Prydz Bay and adjacent sea area and the slope area of Northern Rock as the research object. Preliminary study on the particle size of the surface sediments in the mineral characteristics and provenance, and the northern continental slope of about 520 thousand years since the paleoceanographic evolution characteristics, obtained the following understanding: (1) by water / deep seabed topography, restricting currents and icebergs multiple environmental factors, the sedimentary environment of the study area is larger difference. The continental shelf area can be divided into two regions, in the first zone, including Flam Ford, Amery ice shelf front area, Darien angle near the sea (Burton basin) and the four wife shoal sediments In the sand and gravel content is high, high content of ice rafted debris, sediment supply is significantly affected by the Amery ice shelf and other sea ice, the main current and the tip of the raft transport path and other factors. The shelf area II region, including the Amery basin, Prydz channel and Svenner channel, the high silt content in sediment, sand content and the gravel is low, mainly affected by the influence factors such as water depth, currents, the Amery basin in the Prydz circulation center, grain size is fine, well sorted. The shelf break north of the bathyal abyssal zone (Keaopo Lei Hai Shen) in clayey silt, sand and gravel content is low, the sediment transportation and sedimentary underflow, gravity flow, slope flow, shelf slope and iceberg material exchange and other factors. (2) the content of the Prydz Bay shelf sediments of heavy minerals in the whole from east to west is gradually reduced. The deposition four lady shoal area 鐗╀腑瑙掗棯鐭崇殑瀵岄泦鍙兘涓庝紛涓借帋鐧藉叕涓诲湴涓,
本文编号:1640451
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/diqiudizhi/1640451.html