地质标本数字化实践研究新进展、问题与展望

发布时间：2018-03-25 15:24

本文选题：数字标本　切入点：数字地质体　出处：《地球学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：地质标本作为地质历史和地学研究的见证物,是地质生产、研究与教学的核心材料和基础资源,是博物馆的立馆之本、服务之基,更是博物馆数字化的重点和难点。本文通过回顾总结中国地质博物馆十多年的数字化实践,以及横向对比国内外博物馆领域的数字化工作基础上,并结合测绘、光谱等领域的最新进展,进一步明确了数字标本的概念,数字标本的来源不局限于对现有标本的数字化,可超越传统标本尺度空间的限制,直接到标本采集点面向地质体进行无损采集,从而极大地开展标本采集、典藏、研究与科学传播工作。利用环拍-摄影测量法、矩阵拍摄法、拼接拍摄法等方法,对地质体进行大尺度的数字采集、后期加工形成数字地质体,因其具有地质体野外产出的空间关系、纹理特征、质地色泽等视觉特征,等同于在虚拟空间中再现了野外地质体,实现了地质体的数字化典藏,随着数字地质体的量的积累,孤立的地质体连成片,理论上讲可以实现典藏地壳。数字地质体不仅具有对已有地质体的数字化保护意义,而且具有科研、科普价值。自主研制的地质标本三维影像获取系统基本上解决了地质标本三维数字化存在的表面纹理信息清晰度低、高光材质及透明材质效果差、后期人工干预工作繁琐与艰巨这三个关键问题。最后,指出了当前数字标本正经历着由三维到多维的蝉变,综合分析了现代信息提取技术获取蕴藏在实体地质标本中专业信息的可行性,展望了多维数字标本实现的技术手段及其应用前景。
[Abstract]:As evidence of geological history and geoscientific research, geological specimens are the core materials and basic resources for geological production, research and teaching. By reviewing and summarizing the digital practice of China Geological Museum for more than ten years, and comparing the digitization work in the field of domestic and foreign museums, and combining with surveying and mapping, this paper is the focus and difficulty of museum digitization. The latest advances in the field of spectrum and other fields have further clarified the concept of digital specimens. The source of digital specimens is not limited to the digitization of existing specimens and can go beyond the limits of the traditional specimen size space. Go directly to the sample collection point to carry out the nondestructive collection of the geological body, so as to greatly carry out the collection, collection, research and scientific dissemination of the specimen. The use of the methods of racket-photogrammetry, matrix photography, splicing photography, etc. The large scale digital acquisition of geological body is carried out, and the digital geological body is formed at the later stage of processing. Because of its spatial relation of field production, texture feature, texture color and other visual features, it is equivalent to reproducing the field geological body in virtual space. With the accumulation of digital geological bodies, isolated geological bodies can be linked into pieces, which can theoretically realize the preservation of the crust. Digital geological bodies not only have digital protection significance to existing geological bodies, And it has the value of scientific research and science popularization. The 3D image acquisition system of geological specimen has basically solved the problem of low definition of surface texture information, poor effect of high light material and transparent material, which exist in 3D digitization of geological specimen. At last, the paper points out that the digital specimen is going through the change from three dimensions to many dimensions. This paper comprehensively analyzes the feasibility of obtaining professional information in solid geological samples by modern information extraction technology, and looks forward to the technical means and application prospects for the realization of multidimensional digital specimens.
【作者单位】：中国地质博物馆;中国科学院电子学研究所空间信息处理与应用系统技术重点实验室;国土资源航空物探遥感中心;北京文博远大数字技术有限公司;
【基金】：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费(编号:201011003);国土资源部部门预算项目(编号:1211131181003) 中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:121201010331404,1212011220038) 数字国土工程项目(编号:8S03)联合资助~~
【分类号】：P5-28

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