中巴经济走廊主要工程地质问题合成孔径雷达识别研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 04:13

本文选题：中巴经济走廊 + 西构造结　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中巴经济走廊(西构造结中国境内部分)主要沿G314国道展布,北起喀什,经慕士塔格山口,在喀喇昆仑山腹地的塔什库尔干谷地内,向南东方向到达中巴边界口岸—红其拉甫。它是现今冰川最发育、构造运动最活跃的地区之一,地质灾害多发,地震频繁,线性工程经常被阻断,沿线人民生命财产遭受严重的地质环境灾害损失。本文主要侧重于合成孔径雷达(SAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术在重大工程地质问题识别上的应用研究,主要结论如下:(1)相对于光学遥感影像,SAR强度影像可以穿透云雾,有效地对高海拔冰川覆盖区的地质体进行识别,如冰碛物流动灾害,并确定重点工作区。(2)采用基于永久散射体的小基线干涉雷达技术(SBAS-In SAR)对研究区有关变形的工程地质问题进行了识别,检测出变形显著的冰川运移、冰川泥石流运动、滑坡蠕变、冰碛物变形、湿地变形,并确定其变形范围。(3)工程地质问题判别标准总结:冰川运移的监测易于选择偏移追踪测量法进行,也可利用冰舌前缘变形值较高的异常PS点,进而判断上部冰川运动的情况;冰川泥石流主要是根据前部堆积区是否有高变形点来判断其运动情况;蠕变滑坡主要通过结合地形地貌,地层岩性等条件,对于斜坡带上发育的高变形PS点进行分析;冰碛物变形是由坡度、水源决定的,因此结合地貌与"PS点簇"范围内的流域情况进行分析,判断其影响范围;湿地可在SAR强度影像上进行辨别,它的变形普遍显示为正、负卫星视线向的具有高变形值的杂乱PS点集。(4)利用SAR偏移追踪法识别出了公格尔与墓士塔格山的现代冰川运动,公格尔山冰川运动速率大于墓士塔格山冰川运动速率,山顶变形量为冰舌前缘的2倍左右,且冬季的变形大于其他季节的变形。(5)In SAR技术在中巴经济走廊的初期地质调研中成功运用,证明了该技术在工程中地质问题识别上的可行性,可监测的地形变范围大、空间分布连续。该技术具有效率高,不受自然环境和天气限制,可以对历史地质过程进行追溯研究等优势,因此,该项技术的应用对于初期工程论证规划具有重要的技术支撑作用。
[Abstract]:The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (part of the West structural knot in China) is mainly spread along the G314 State Road, from Kashi to the north, through the mouth of the Mustag Mountains, within the Tashkurgan valley in the hinterland of the Karakoram Mountains, and to the south and east to the border port of China and Pakistan-Hongqilafu.It is one of the areas where glaciers are most developed and tectonic movements are most active. Geological disasters occur frequently, earthquakes occur frequently, linear projects are often blocked, and people's lives and properties along the lines suffer serious geological and environmental disasters.This paper focuses on the application of synthetic Aperture Radar synthetic Aperture Radartechnique in the identification of major engineering geological problems. The main conclusions are as follows: compared with optical remote sensing images, SAR intensity images can penetrate clouds and mist.Effectively identify geological bodies in high altitude glacial cover areas, such as moraine logistics disasters,Using SBAS-In SAR-based small baseline interferometric radar technique based on permanent scatterers, the engineering geological problems related to deformation in the study area are identified, and the significant deformation of glacier migration, glacier debris flow movement and landslide creep are detected.Deformation of moraine, deformation of Wetland, and determination of its range of deformation. Conclusion: monitoring of glacier migration is easy to select migration tracing measurement method, and can also be used to use abnormal PS points with high deformation value in the front of ice tongue.Then the upper glacier movement is judged; the glacier debris flow is mainly judged according to whether there are high deformation points in the front accumulation area; the creep landslide is mainly determined by combining topography and geomorphology, stratigraphic lithology and other conditions.The deformation of moraine is determined by slope and water source. Therefore, the watershed situation in the range of geomorphology and "PS point cluster" is analyzed, and the influence range is judged.Wetland can be distinguished on SAR intensity image, its deformation is generally positive, negative satellite line of sight with high deformation value of PS points set. 4) using SAR migration tracing method to identify the modern glacier movement of Gongger and Tomb Stagger Mountains.The glacier movement rate of Gongge Mountain is larger than that of the Tomb Stagger Mountain glacier, and the deformation of the mountain top is about 2 times of that of the front edge of the ice tongue.The deformation in winter is larger than that in other seasons, and the technique of. 5in SAR has been successfully applied in the initial geological investigation of the economic corridor of China and Brazil, which proves the feasibility of the technique in the identification of geological problems in engineering and the wide range of terrain change that can be monitored.The spatial distribution is continuous.The technology has the advantages of high efficiency, not limited by natural environment and weather, and can be traced back to the geological process. Therefore, the application of this technology has important technical support for the initial engineering demonstration and planning.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.2

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