云南省滑坡、泥石流的孕育因素及易发性研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 09:24

本文选题：云南省 + 地质灾害　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：云南省地处板块交界处,构造运动多变,地震活动频繁,且地形陡峻,切割破碎,地层岩性复杂,气候带类型独特多样,局地强降水频繁,生态环境脆弱。滑坡、泥石流灾害数量多面积广、活动强烈、突发性强,是造成生命财产损失、制约经济社会发展的主要灾种。而对云南省滑坡、泥石流孕育因素的研究,在灾害预测和减灾方面是有很重要的意义的。基于此,本文以云南省的为研究区域,以滑坡、泥石流为研究对象,依托《灾害易发区遥感地质综合解译》项目,在1:50万地质图和高分辨率DEM数据解译基础上,并整理统计11596处滑坡、2841处泥石流数据。对地质灾害的孕育因素特征进行了定性和定量化分析研究,并对云南省滑坡、泥石流易发性进行评价和分区。取得以下成果:1.初步定量的分析了地质灾害的分布特征和规律云南省地质灾害以滑坡为主,泥石流次之;滑坡以滑动滑坡、牵引式滑坡和推移式滑坡为主;泥石流以泥石流、水石流为主。主要分布在昭通地区、普洱地区、楚雄彝族自治州、红河哈尼族彝族自治州以及大理白族自治州。以小型为主,但大型和巨型滑坡控制着滑坡总面积和总体积;各市州滑坡相对个数密度、相对面积密度、相对体积密度以及综合地质灾害强度指数呈现不同的分布状态。2.初步分析了主要孕育因素对地质灾害的影响分析了孕育滑坡、泥石流发生的主要因素:地形地貌(高程、坡度、坡向)、斜坡结构类型、地层岩性、地质构造、水系、植被覆盖度等的影响作用,以及云南省滑坡、泥石流的主要诱发因素:降雨(短时暴雨)、人类活动(植被破坏、修建道路等)的诱发作用。3.建立了较为系统的云南省地质灾害评价指标体系,通过定性和定量相结合的方法,具体分析了地质灾害与孕育因素之间的关系。采用层次分析法和专家打分法,对评价因素进行概化分级和赋值,并计算各因素的权重。基于GIS的栅格叠加计算,进行各因素图层叠加,得到易发性分区图。对云南省灾害易发区进行分析,并将灾害易发区划分4个分区:高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和极低易发区。
[Abstract]:Yunnan Province is located at the junction of plate, with changeable tectonic movement, frequent seismicity, steep topography, broken cut, complicated strata and lithology, unique and diverse climatic zones, frequent local heavy precipitation and fragile ecological environment.Landslide and debris flow are the main disasters which cause the loss of life and property and restrict the development of economy and society.The study of landslide and debris flow inoculation factors in Yunnan Province is of great significance in disaster prediction and disaster reduction.Based on this, taking Yunnan Province as the research area, taking landslide and debris flow as research objects, relying on the project "Comprehensive interpretation of remote sensing geology in disaster-prone areas", this paper interprets geological maps and high-resolution DEM data on the basis of 1: 500,000 geological map.And collate 11596 landslides and 2841 debris flow data.Qualitative and quantitative analysis and study on the characteristics of geological hazard are carried out, and the susceptibility of landslide and debris flow in Yunnan Province is evaluated and zoned.The following results have been achieved: 1.The distribution characteristics and laws of geological hazards in Yunnan Province are analyzed quantitatively. Landslide is the main geological hazard followed by debris flow; landslide is dominated by sliding landslide traction landslide and bedded landslide; debris flow is dominated by debris flow and water-stone flow.They are mainly distributed in Zhaotong, Pu'er, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe Hani Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.The large and giant landslides control the total area and the total volume of landslide, and the relative number density, relative area density, relative volume density and comprehensive geological hazard intensity index of landslide in each city and state show different distribution state.The influence of main inoculation factors on geological hazard is analyzed preliminarily. The main factors of landslide preparation and debris flow occurrence are analyzed: landform and landform (elevation, slope, slope direction, slope structure type, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, water system, etc.)The effect of vegetation coverage, and the main inducing factors of landslide and debris flow in Yunnan Province: rainfall (short term rainstorm), human activities (vegetation destruction, road building, etc.).A systematic evaluation index system of geological hazards in Yunnan Province is established. The relationship between geological hazards and inoculation factors is analyzed by combining qualitative and quantitative methods.By using AHP and expert scoring method, the evaluation factors are classified and assigned, and the weights of each factor are calculated.The raster superposition calculation based on GIS is carried out.The disaster-prone areas in Yunnan Province were analyzed, and the disaster-prone areas were divided into four subareas: high, middle, low and very low prone areas.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.2

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