烟台地区软土地基沉降预测的研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 14:07

本文选题：软土地基 + 沉降预测　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：引起地面沉降的原因主要为两个方面:地质环境和人为活动。其中人为因素占据着主导地位。除新构造活动等地质应力造成的地面沉降外,引起地面出现不均匀沉降的主要内因是软土层分布及其物理力学性质的差异,而附加应力的分布、地基处理不当、地下水位的变动等因素是引起地面出现不均匀沉降的外在诱因。软土地基不均匀沉降可能导致建筑物上部结构开裂、倾斜、倒塌以及道路路面的扭曲变形,不仅带来巨大的经济损失,甚至危害到人民的生命安全。查明软土层的分布及其工程特性,构建空间三维结构模型,预测最终沉降量,以便采取合理而有效的处理措施,防止此类地质灾害的发生。软土具有高含水量、高孔隙比、高压缩性和低强度、低渗透性、低固结系数“三低三高”的特性,用作工程场地时往往将产生较大的沉降,一般要先进行地基处理才能正常使用。其中对软土地基沉降的准确预测是重中之重。本文通过施工过程监测,对当前的各种沉降计算理论进行分析比较,总结出较为完善的计算沉降大小及变化规律的方法。同时,对影响软土地基的不稳定性的因素进行了汇总,筛选出能够降低施工成本、提高施工效率的地基处理方法。本文的主要研究工作如下:第一章绪论。通过资料收集与归纳,阐述本文的研究背景及意义,国内外研究现状和研究内容及思路。第二章软土的工程性质和软基的沉降机理,分析软土的工程性质,软土地基沉降的机理,以及公路软基沉降监测的要点。第三章软土地基沉降预测方法研究,分别针对经验公式法、Asaoka法、灰色模型预测法以及神经网络预测法进行介绍,为后面的工程实例提供一定的理论支撑。第四章工程实例分析及比较研究,结合烟台滨海公路的工程实例,对烟台地区软土地基沉降预测进行分析,首先选定路基观测断面,观测频率以及水准点的设置。其次分析软土路基沉降预测方法,最后进行试验分析,分析沉降预测的结果和地基沉降影响因素分析。第五章结论与建议。在以上理论和实践分析的基础,提出相关的建议与对策。
[Abstract]:The main causes of land subsidence are two aspects: geological environment and human activities. Among them, human factors occupy a dominant position. In addition to the ground subsidence caused by geological stress such as neotectonic activity, the main internal cause of the uneven settlement is the difference of the distribution of soft soil layer and its physical and mechanical properties, and the distribution of additional stress, and the improper treatment of the ground. The change of groundwater level is the external cause of uneven subsidence. Uneven settlement of soft soil foundation may lead to crack, tilt, collapse and distortion of road surface, which not only brings huge economic losses, but also endangers the safety of people's lives. To find out the distribution of soft soil and its engineering characteristics, to construct a three-dimensional spatial structural model and to predict the final settlement, so as to take reasonable and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of such geological disasters. Soft soil has the characteristics of high water content, high void ratio, high compressibility, low strength, low permeability and low coefficient of consolidation. Generally speaking, foundation treatment should be carried out before it can be used normally. It is very important to predict the settlement of soft soil. Based on the monitoring of construction process, this paper analyzes and compares all kinds of settlement calculation theories at present, and sums up a more perfect method for calculating settlement size and variation law. At the same time, the factors affecting the instability of soft soil foundation are summarized, and the foundation treatment method which can reduce the construction cost and improve the construction efficiency is selected. The main research work of this paper is as follows: the first chapter is introduction. Through data collection and induction, this paper expounds the research background and significance, domestic and foreign research status, research content and ideas. In the second chapter, the engineering properties of soft soil and the settlement mechanism of soft foundation are analyzed. The engineering properties of soft soil, the settlement mechanism of soft soil foundation and the main points of highway soft foundation settlement monitoring are analyzed. In the third chapter, the settlement prediction method of soft soil foundation is studied, which introduces the Asaoka method, the grey model method and the neural network method respectively, which provide some theoretical support for the engineering examples. In chapter 4, the analysis and comparison of engineering examples, combined with the engineering examples of Yantai coastal highway, analyze the settlement prediction of soft soil foundation in Yantai area. First, select the observation section of roadbed, observation frequency and the setting of leveling point. Secondly, the settlement prediction method of soft soil subgrade is analyzed. Finally, the results of settlement prediction and the influence factors of foundation settlement are analyzed. Chapter V conclusions and recommendations. In the above theoretical and practical analysis of the basis, put forward relevant suggestions and countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU447;TU433

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