多源遥感影像在东昆仑成矿带东段地质构造解译与成矿预测中应用

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:31

  本文选题：光学遥感 + SAR影像　； 参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：东昆仑成矿带地处青藏高原北缘,塔里木板块与华南-扬子板块的交接部位,在其东段地区,昆中、昆南断裂呈北西向横贯全区,地壳构造复杂,成矿地质条件良好,但由于自然地理条件极差,地质调查工作程度较低,优势矿产与主要矿产潜力不清,尤其遥感地质研究工作开展较少。论文以东昆仑成矿带东段地区为研究区,借助三种不同尺度的遥感影像,重点进行线环构造信息提取研究,此外应用遥感技术提取金属矿化蚀变信息,结合地物化等资料,依据遥感找矿模型,开展Fe、Cu矿的矿产预测研究。论文取得以下几个方面的成果和认识:(1)全面收集了东昆仑成矿带东段地区铁、铜镍矿点及矿化点矿产数据,主要控矿构造,有利成矿地层与岩体,岩浆活动和围岩蚀变以及构造概要图等地质资料,1:100万航磁异常、1:100万布格重力物探数据,区域地球化学数据等,数据类型涉及矢量、栅格、图表、文本等。(2)获取了研究区Land Sat-8 OLI影像数据,GF-1影像数据,VV极化Radar Sat-2影像数据,在ENVI4.8软件平台上对三种不同尺度的遥感影像进行了数据预处理,在此基础上,利用Land Sat-8 OLI影像提取了羟基、铁染矿化蚀变信息,并对Land Sat-8 OLI波段组合进行选择用于研究区构造信息提取。通过八种不同的滤波算法对Radar Sat-2影像降噪处理,滤波结果经定量评价得出Gamma-Map算法为本实验最优滤波算法。(3)利用Land Sat-8 OLI影像数据,采用两种不同的构造增强方法突出构造信息,并参照研究区三维影像用于提取研究区断裂信息。将GF-1影像和Radar Sat-2影像数据以PCA、Brovey、HPF以及小波变换四种方法进行融合实验,PCA变换融合后影像突出了Land Sat-8 OLI影像上未能识别的环形构造信息,此外,运用GF-1的4、3、2波段的假彩色组合影像提取了重点区线性构造。(4)以遥感异常信息、遥感解译结果为基础,综合地、物、化资料,依据遥感找矿模型,经综合分析,开展研究区Fe、Cu成矿预测研究,最终圈定1个Ⅰ级找矿靶区,2个Ⅱ级找矿靶区,2个Ⅲ级找矿靶区,并编制成矿预测图。
[Abstract]:The East Kunlun metallogenic belt is located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, where the Tarim plate intersects with the South China Yangtze plate. In the eastern part of the belt, the central and southern Kunlun faults cross the whole area in the north-west direction. The crust structure is complex and the ore-forming geological conditions are good. However, due to the extremely poor natural geographical conditions, the degree of geological survey is low, the potential of dominant minerals and main minerals is not clear, especially the remote sensing geological research work is less. In this paper, the eastern part of the east Kunlun metallogenic belt is used as the study area. With the help of three kinds of remote sensing images of different scales, the information extraction of linear ring structure is emphasized. In addition, the information of metal mineralization alteration is extracted by remote sensing technology, and the geophysical and chemical data are combined. Based on the model of remote sensing prospecting, the mineral prediction of Fe _ (Cu) ore is studied. In this paper, we have obtained the following achievements and understandings: (1) collect the mineral data of iron, copper and nickel ore spots and mineralization points in the eastern section of the East Kunlun metallogenic belt, which are mainly ore-controlling structures and favorable to metallogenic strata and rock masses. 1: 1 million aeromagnetic anomaly gravity geophysical data, regional geochemical data, etc., data types related to vectors, grids, graphs, etc. In this paper, the Land Sat-8 OLI image data of the research area are obtained, and the VV polarized Radar Sat-2 image data are obtained. Three kinds of remote sensing images of different scales are preprocessed on the platform of ENVI4.8 software. The hydroxyl and iron mineralization alteration information was extracted from Land Sat-8 OLI image, and the Land Sat-8 OLI band combination was selected to extract the structural information of the study area. The noise reduction of Radar Sat-2 images is processed by eight different filtering algorithms. The quantitative evaluation of the filtering results shows that the Gamma-Map algorithm is the optimal filtering algorithm in this experiment. It uses Land Sat-8 OLI image data and uses two different structural enhancement methods to highlight the construction information. According to the three-dimensional image of the study area, it is used to extract the fault information of the study area. The GF-1 image and the Radar Sat-2 image data are fused by PCA-BroveyHPF and wavelet transform. After the Land Sat-8 OLI image is fused, the ring structure information which can not be recognized on the Land Sat-8 OLI image is highlighted. Based on the abnormal information of remote sensing and the interpretation results of remote sensing, the paper uses the pseudocolor combination image of GF-1 's 4 / 3 / 2 band to extract the linear structure of the key area. Based on the synthetic data of ground, object and chemical, and according to the model of remote sensing prospecting, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis. A study on the metallogenic prediction of Feti-Cu in the study area was carried out and a metallogenic prediction map was drawn up. Finally, one target area of grade 鈪，

本文编号：1819947