十三间房及周围地区煤系烃源岩评价及油气成藏机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:41

本文选题：煤系烃源岩 + 井-震联合反演　；参考：《中国矿业大学(北京)》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：吐哈盆地台北凹陷十三间房地区是潜在的油气勘探接替区域,由于勘探程度较低,目前对该地区烃源岩发育情况的研究较少,尚未进行过系统的分析,烃源岩特征及分布发育情况不确定。研究区生储盖条件分析较为粗浅,油气与源岩特征的相关性分析不足,对油气藏成藏条件及规律研究缺乏研究。由于以上原因,严重制约了十三间房地区油气勘探的进程。本文充分利用地球化学、层序地层学、石油地质学、地震地层学等理论结合测井技术、井-震联合反演技术、盆地模拟技术对十三间房地区层序地层特征、煤系烃源岩特征及油气成藏、运移机制进行了系统研究,并总结形成了一套煤系烃源岩评价及成藏、运移机制研究的方法,以期为十三间房油气勘探提供科学的依据。论文主要取得以下认识及成果:(1)十三间房及周缘地区烃源岩条件较好,研究区TOC值发育层段主要集中在SQ2层序内。研究区内生储盖条件较为发育,具有一定的生烃潜力。十三间房及周围地区侏罗系煤岩有机显微组分均以镜质组为主,壳质组和腐泥组含量较大,惰质组含量较少。烃源岩的有机质丰度较高,其中煤样综合评价为好生油气源岩;炭质泥岩评价为好生油气源岩;暗色泥岩评价为差-中等生油气源岩。有机质成熟度处于低成熟-成熟阶段,有机质类型主要以III型为主。利用井-震联合反演方法确定了研究区TOC的含量和分布特征,研究区主要生烃地层分布在西山窑组,层序地层主要为SQ2,SQ2层序内源岩厚度分布在0-350m之间,平均为124m,源岩厚度最大区域位于山前带和南斜坡西北角,源岩TOC值最大约为3.6%,分布在南斜坡西北部,源岩TOC值大于1%的地区主要分布在研究区南斜坡内和了墩隆起中间部位。十三间房地区中侏罗统西山窑组储层发育、三间房和七克台组不发育。研究区主要发育次生孔隙,储集空间主要有粒间孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔、粒内溶孔等,但以原生粒间孔和粒内溶孔最为普遍。在垂直方向上,600m以上地层孔隙主要为受压实作用控制的压余原生孔隙,600-1500m地层孔隙类型主要为受压实、压溶作用产生的残留的原生孔隙,1500-2200m溶蚀作用加强,主要发育受压实、压溶作用产生的次生孔隙和残留的原生孔隙组成的混合孔隙,2200m以下孔隙类型主要为溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙。十三间房地区主要存在两套盖层,第一套盖层为七克台组中上部大段泥岩,连同上覆齐古组大套泥岩,这套盖层厚度大,分布稳定,封盖性能较好。第二套盖层为三间房组下部以泥岩为主的地层。这套盖层具有一种厚度稍薄,但横向变化小,成岩性好,具有一定的封盖能力。研究区发育山前大步断褶构造带和十三间房构造带。山前带圈闭以断背斜为主。南斜坡圈闭相对分散,成带性差,但多数仍是断背斜和背斜。研究区主要发育断层、砂体及断层-砂体复合型输导体系,具备构造-岩性复合型油气藏的形成条件。(2)研究区地层温度及烃源岩成熟度均表现为北高南低,西高东低,这与烃源岩的埋藏深度有较大关系。研究区侏罗系中晚期及白垩系早期是研究区油气生成及聚集成藏的关键时期。研究区原油母质主要来自植物蜡、孢粉等高碳数。天然气主要以为煤成气为主。对研究区一维、二维及三维埋藏史、热史及成熟度史进行了分析。埋藏史模拟结果显示研究区总共有两个地层沉降时期,分别为中、上侏罗统时期及三叠系中后期,这两个地层沉积时期内研究区地层快速沉积,地层沉降速率普遍较大。温度史模拟显示研究区地层温度从侏罗系开始不断降低,地层埋深越大,温度越高。西山窑组地层温度分布在70℃-150℃之间,地层温度较小区域位于研究区南部和东部,南北向地层约在1750m处温度达到90℃,东西向剖面约在1800m处达到90℃。研究区地层温度整体上呈现为北高南低,西高东低,其中温度最高区域位于研究区西北部。成熟度史模拟结果显示研究区镜质组反射率范围分布在0.2%-1.5%之间。中、下侏罗统烃源岩大约侏罗系晚期开始进入生烃门限,对应的门限深度大约为1500m,温度大约为90°C。二维成熟度史模拟结果显示在研究区相同层位,北部地区的成熟度要远高于南部地区,西部地区源岩成熟度大于东部地区。西北部地区西山窑组处于中等成熟阶段,其下部烃源岩已达到生烃高峰;整体上,除了研究区南半部和东部仍处于未成熟阶段之外,其他地区地层单元均已成熟,成熟度总体上也是西高东低,北高南低。研究区油气生成均从侏罗系中晚期开始,油气生成后迅速进入排烃阶段,并在白垩系早期进入生烃高峰期。烃源岩生气量大于生油量,两者比值介于2-5之间,埋深越大,生烃量越高。烃源岩生排烃时间与研究区构造形成时间相匹配,侏罗系中晚期及白垩系早期是研究区油气生成及聚集成藏的关键时期。对研究区油气成因类型、油气资源类型及油气资源量分析研究表明,研究区样品有机质主要来源于低等水生生物,源岩演化程度较低,原油母质主要来自植物蜡、孢粉等高碳数。天然气主要以为煤成气为主。研究区油气成两期成藏,成藏期分别为早白垩世和上新世。研究区主要存在天然气和石油2种油气资源,石油总量约为194.2Mm3,天然气总量约为557.29Mm3。(3)十三间房地区研究区源岩在侏罗系沉积末期开始生气,白垩系早期具备一定生烃规模。研究区油气运移路径主要受盆地的构造特征控制,油气藏多聚集在构造高位。油气多储存于西山窑组四段(J2x4)和三间房组二段(J2s2),油气藏多为“自生自储”。预测研究区存在背斜油气藏、断鼻型油气藏和构造-岩性油气藏。研究区油气运移显示层位主要集中在三间房组、西山窑组、三工河组和八道湾组,各个地层内含油气层较多,其中气显示占绝对优势,这表明该地区可能存在气藏。研究区源岩在侏罗系沉积末期(145Ma)开始生气,白垩系早期(136Ma)具备一定生烃规模,油气开始进行二次运移。地层沉积与断层活动和盖层发育形成相互作用,断裂的形成和开启促进了源岩生成的天然气运移至储集层中聚集成藏,侏罗系中-晚期沉积时期是研究区天然气成藏关键时期。研究区油气运移路径主要受盆地的构造特征控制,油气藏多聚集在构造高位。在侧向上,油气延砂体沿两侧运聚,在构造高部位聚集成藏。在垂向上,II类断裂是油气向上运移的通道,油气多储存于西山窑组四段(J_2x~4)和三间房组二段(J_2s~2),油气藏多为“自生自储”。从油气运聚成藏演化过程结果可以看出,研究区的油气运聚成藏与构造特征相匹配,也即油气藏形成于构造发育及定性时期。三维油气运移模拟结果表明,在侏罗系中期西山窑组(J_2x)源岩基本没有油气生成。进入侏罗系晚期(154Ma),源岩油气逐渐生成,此时油气运聚特点运移距离较短,且就近运聚。在146Ma,西山窑组油气大量生成并开始运聚,油气运移路径主要指向构造高部位,油气主要聚集分布在山前带和研究区的南部。随着构造运动的进行,研究区进入大量生烃及排烃阶段,在白垩世早期(136Ma),油气大量运移聚集,此时油气形成二次运移,油气二次运聚方向主要为低势区。从油气现今运聚情况可以看出,油气主要集中在研究区西北低洼区,油气运聚主要受研究区构造特征控制。预测研究区主要存在背斜油气藏、断鼻型油气藏和构造-岩性油气藏3个类型的油气藏,油气成藏类型主要受控于古构造背景,断层及岩性三个主要因素。通过以上研究对十三间房地区源岩条件及油气成藏规律有了新的认识。利用井-震联合反演方法克服了研究区钻井稀少难以对源岩进行评价的困难,对源岩的质量及分布特征进行了精细的刻画。同时在实测数据的基础上,利用盆地模拟技术对源岩特征、生排烃特征、油气成藏规律及运移规律进行了系统分析,对研究区的油气成藏主控因素进行了分析和总结。研究表明十三间房地区具有一定的油气资源潜力。
[Abstract]:Thirteen rooms in Taipei sag of Turpan Hami basin are potential oil and gas exploration and replacement areas. Because of low exploration degree, there are few studies on the development of source rocks in this area, which has not been systematically analyzed. The characteristics and distribution development of hydrocarbon source rocks are uncertain. The analysis of reservoir cap conditions is relatively shallow, oil and gas and source rock are special. Due to the above reasons, the process of oil and gas exploration in thirteen rooms is seriously restricted. This paper makes full use of the theory of geochemical, sequence stratigraphy, petroleum geology, seismic stratigraphy and other theoretical logging techniques, well seismic joint inversion technology, basin simulation. The characteristics of sequence stratigraphy in thirteen rooms, characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation and migration mechanism of coal measures are systematically studied, and a set of methods for evaluation and migration of hydrocarbon source rocks and migration mechanism of coal measures is summarized in order to provide scientific basis for the exploration of thirteen room oil and gas. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) The source rock conditions of thirteen rooms and peripheral areas are better. The development layer of TOC value in the study area is mainly concentrated in the SQ2 sequence. The inner and reservoir cap conditions in the study area are more developed and have certain hydrocarbon generating potential. The organic microcomponents of the Jurassic coal and rock in the thirteen rooms and surrounding areas are mainly in the vitrinite group, and the content of the shell group and the slime formation is larger, and the inert group is the inert group. The abundance of organic matter in source rocks is relatively high, in which the comprehensive evaluation of coal samples is a good source rock, and the evaluation of carbonaceous mudstone is a good source rock. The evaluation of dark mudstone is a differential medium oil source rock. The maturity of organic matter is in the low mature and mature stage, and the main type of organic matter is III type. The method of well seismic combined inversion is true. The content and distribution characteristics of TOC in the study area are determined. The main hydrocarbon generation strata in the study area are distributed in the Xishan kiln group, the sequence stratigraphy is mainly SQ2, the thickness of the source rocks in the SQ2 sequence is distributed between 0-350m and 124m, the largest area of the source rock is located in the front of the mountain and the northwest corner of the southern slope, and the maximum TOC value of the source rock is about 3.6%, which is distributed in the northwest of the southern slope. The area of the rock TOC value greater than 1% is mainly distributed in the south slope of the study area and the middle part of the pier uplift. The Middle Jurassic Xishan formation reservoir is developed in thirteen room areas, the three room and the seven ktai group are not developed. The secondary pores are mainly developed in the study area, and the reservoir space mainly consists of intergranular pore, intergranular pore, intergranular pore and intragranular hole, but it is with primary grain. In the vertical direction, the pore size above 600m is mainly controlled by compaction, and the main pore types in the 600-1500m stratum are the residual primary pores which are produced by compaction, pressure solution, and the dissolution of 1500-2200m is strengthened, and the secondary pores produced by compaction and pressure solution are mainly developed. The main pore type below 2200m is secondary pore formed by dissolution. There are two sets of caprock in thirteen room areas. The first cover is a large mudstone in the middle and upper part of the seven gram group, along with the large set of mudstone overlying the Qiao group. The cover layer is thick, stable and sealing performance is good. The second cover layer is a mudstone formation in the lower part of the three room group, which has a slightly thinner thickness, but a small lateral variation, good diagenesis and a certain sealing ability. The study area developed a large stride fault fold structural belt and thirteen structural belts in the study area. However, most of them are still skew and anticline. The main development faults, sand body and fault sand body compound transport system have the formation conditions of tectonic lithologic complex oil and gas reservoirs. (2) the formation temperature and source rock maturity of the study area are both North High South low and West High East low, which is closely related to the buried depth of source rocks. The middle and late Jurassic and early Cretaceous are the key period of oil and gas formation and accumulation in the study area. The main crude oil from the study area comes from the plant wax and the high carbon number, such as sporopollen. The natural gas is mainly considered as the main coal gas. The analysis of one dimension, two and three dimensional burial history, the history of thermal history and the history of maturity in the study area is carried out. The simulation results of buried history show that the simulation results of buried history show that There are two stratigraphic subsidence periods in the study area, which are middle, Upper Jurassic and middle and Late Triassic respectively. The study area of the two strata is rapidly deposited in the sedimentary period, and the formation sedimentation rate is generally large. The temperature history simulation shows that the formation temperature of the study area begins to decrease from the Jurassic, the deeper the stratum is, the higher the temperature. The formation temperature is between 70 C -150 C, the lower formation temperature is located in the South and the east of the study area, the temperature of the north and South strata is about 90 C at the temperature of 1750m, and the East-West section is about 90 C at 1800m. The temperature of the study area is as low as the north, the west is high and the East is low, and the highest temperature region is located in the northwest of the study area. The maturity history simulation results show that the reflectance range of vitrinite distribution in the study area is between 0.2%-1.5%. In the Middle Jurassic, the lower Jurassic source rocks begin to enter the hydrocarbon generation threshold, the corresponding threshold depth is about 1500m, the temperature of the temperature is about 90 C. and the simulation results of the two dimensional maturity history show the same horizon in the study area and the maturity of the northern region. The maturity of the source rock in the western region is much higher than that in the south. The West Mountain kiln group in the western region is in the medium maturity stage, and the lower hydrocarbon source rock has reached the peak of hydrocarbon generation. In addition, in addition to the immature stage in the southern half and the east of the study area, the formation units of the region are all mature and the maturity is generally also in the area. It is West High East low, North High South low. Oil and gas generation in the study area began in the middle and late Jurassic period, oil and gas generation quickly entered the stage of hydrocarbon expulsion, and entered the peak period of hydrocarbon generation in the early Cretaceous system. The hydrocarbon source rock mass is greater than the oil quantity, the ratio of the two is between 2-5, the deeper the buried depth is, the higher the hydrocarbon generation, the hydrocarbon generation time and the study area structure of source rock. The formation time is matched, the middle and late Jurassic and the early Cretaceous are the key period for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the study area. The analysis of the genetic types of the oil and gas, the types of oil and gas resources and the oil and gas resources in the study area shows that the organic matter in the study area is mainly derived from the low aquatic organisms, the source rock evolution is low, and the crude oil parent material is the main source. There are 2 kinds of oil and gas in the study area. There are 2 kinds of natural gas and petroleum resources, the total amount of oil is about 194.2Mm3, and the total amount of natural gas is about 557.29Mm3. (3), the source rock of the study area is thirteen. In the late Jurassic sedimentary stage, the oil and gas migration paths were mainly controlled by the tectonic characteristics of the basin, and the oil and gas reservoirs were mostly concentrated in the structure high. The oil and gas are mostly stored in the four section (J2x4) of Xishan kiln group and the two section of the three room formation (J2s2), and the oil and gas reservoirs are mostly "self generating and self storing". In the anticline oil and gas reservoir, the fault nose type oil and gas reservoir and the tectonic lithologic reservoir. The oil and gas migration display layers in the study area are mainly concentrated in the Sanjian formation, the Xishan kiln group, the three Yigu River group and the eight Dao Wan formation, which contain more oil and gas reservoirs in each stratum, which indicates that the gas display occupies an absolute advantage, which indicates that there may be gas reservoirs in this area. The late Cretaceous (145Ma) began to be angry. The early Cretaceous (136Ma) had a certain hydrocarbon generation scale, and the oil and gas began to carry out two migration. The formation and the formation and opening of the fault were formed and opened, and the formation and opening of the fracture promoted the migration of natural gas from the source rock to the reservoir and the accumulation and formation of the reservoir. The middle and late Jurassic sedimentary period was a study. The oil and gas migration path in the study area is mainly controlled by the tectonic characteristics of the basin, and the oil and gas reservoirs gather at the high structure. In the lateral direction, the oil and gas extended sand bodies are gathered along the sides and gathered in the high part of the structure. In the vertical direction, the II type fracture is the passage of oil and gas upward movement, and the oil and gas are stored in the four section of the Xishan kiln group (J_2 X~4) and the two section of the three room group (J_2s~2), the oil and gas reservoirs are mostly "self generating and self storing". From the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, it can be seen that the hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation in the study area match the tectonic characteristics, that is, the oil and gas reservoirs are formed in the tectonic development and the qualitative period. In the late Jurassic (154Ma), the source rock oil and gas are gradually formed, and the migration distance of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is short and near. In the 146Ma, the oil and gas of the Xishan kiln are formed and began to transport, and the migration path of oil and gas mainly points to the high part of the structure, and the oil and gas are mainly distributed in the front of the mountain zone and in the research area. In the south. Along with the tectonic movement, the study area entered a large number of hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon expulsion stages. During the early Cretaceous (136Ma), oil and gas migrated and gathered a lot. At this time, oil and gas formed two migration and the two migration of oil and gas was mainly low potential area. It is mainly controlled by the structural characteristics of the study area. There are 3 main types of oil and gas reservoirs in anticline, fault nose type and tectonic lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the prediction research area. The oil and gas accumulation types are mainly controlled by the paleostructural background, fault and lithology three main factors. Through the above study, the source rock conditions and oil and gas accumulation in thirteen room areas are studied. The rule has a new understanding. By using the method of well seismic joint inversion, the difficulty in evaluating the source rock is difficult and the quality and distribution characteristics of the source rock are fine depicted. On the basis of the measured data, the characteristics of source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon accumulation, hydrocarbon accumulation law and migration are used on the basis of the measured data. The law has been systematically analyzed and the main controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation in the study area have been analyzed and summarized. The study shows that thirteen rooms have a certain potential of oil and gas resources.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13

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