基于多光谱数据源的陕西大佛寺地区油气异常信息提取研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 12:08

本文选题：ASTER数据 + 烃类微渗漏　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前中国油气在勘探开采方面基本属于中等成熟阶段,据不完全统计,截至21世纪初期中国油气可开采资源探明率累计为43%,仍有57%的可开采油气资源尚未探明,但是在我国待探明油气资源的70%以上分布在地形比较复杂的区域,例如黄土塬、沙漠和山地等区域,这不仅会导致开发勘探的难度非常大,而且在成本费用和技术要求方面也要达到较高的标准。因此利用遥感技术作为直接或者辅助手段来进行油气勘探具有很大的必要性。目前利用TM、ASTER等多光谱数据的可见光近红外波段进行因烃类微渗漏引起的蚀变信息聚集区域的提取技术已经发展的比较成熟,早在1976年戈茨就提出了利用短波红外在1.6μm和2.21μm两波谱带之间的反射率值进行比值运算(1.6μm/2.2μm)可以最大限度得在遥感影像上针对蚀变岩石和未蚀变岩石聚集区进行有效区分,随后又逐步形成了一系列以PCA为基础的蚀变信息综合分析以及提取技术,在烃类微渗漏蚀变信息综合分析及提取方面发挥了重要作用。因为基于波段比值和主成分分析提取蚀变信息的方法比较单一,所以本文在用这两种方法提取油气异常的基础上,根据油气藏上置地层中因烃类挥发或运移等原因引起的地温升高从而造成在遥感影像热红外范围的波谱曲线发生异常,在研究区进行了基于劈窗算法和多通道算法的温度反演,得出了和油气异常信息比较吻合的高温异常区域,并利用USGS标准波谱库和实测原油波谱对异常区域的样品光谱曲线(尤其是2.2μm和2.33μm附近的双吸收峰)进行分析,进一步提高了烃类微渗漏蚀变信息提取的精度。最后,本文考虑到在利用ASTER数据进行温度反演时如果研究区处于植被高覆盖区,会因植被的蒸腾作用等因素导致在植被覆盖区呈现低温现象,从而掩盖了由于烃类微渗漏引起的研究区上置地层的高温异常现象,不利于油气异常信息的提取。通过查询大量资料,发现TVDI(温度植被干旱指数)可以将温度反演结果进行归一化,有效弱化植被的影响,使得TVDI在植被发育处比Ts有更好的分辨力,更好的体现裸露地表温度的真实情况。
[Abstract]:At present, the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas in China is basically at a medium mature stage. According to incomplete statistics, by the beginning of the 21st century, the proven rate of recoverable oil and gas resources in China has accumulated 43, and 57% of the recoverable oil and gas resources have not yet been proved. However, more than 70% of the oil and gas resources to be discovered in China are distributed in areas with relatively complicated topography, such as loess plateau, desert and mountainous areas, which will not only lead to great difficulties in exploration and development. And in the cost of costs and technical requirements to reach a higher standard. Therefore, it is necessary to use remote sensing technology as a direct or auxiliary means for oil and gas exploration. At present, using the visible near infrared band of multi-spectral data such as TMGASTER to extract the alteration information gathering area caused by hydrocarbon microleakage has been developed more mature. As early as 1976, Goetz proposed that using the reflectivity of short wave infrared between 1.6 渭 m and 2.21 渭 m spectral bands to calculate the ratio of 1.6 渭 m / 2.2 渭 m) can be used to distinguish alteration and unaltered rock concentration areas in remote sensing images as far as possible. Subsequently, a series of comprehensive analysis and extraction techniques of alteration information based on PCA were gradually formed, which played an important role in the comprehensive analysis and extraction of alteration information of hydrocarbon microleakage. Because the method of extracting alteration information based on band ratio and principal component analysis is relatively simple, this paper uses these two methods to extract oil and gas anomalies. According to the rise of ground temperature caused by hydrocarbon volatilization or migration in the upper layer of oil and gas reservoir, which results in abnormal spectral curve in the thermal infrared range of remote sensing image, the temperature inversion based on split window algorithm and multi-channel algorithm is carried out in the study area. The high temperature anomaly region which is consistent with the oil and gas anomaly information is obtained. The sample spectral curves (especially the double absorption peaks near 2.2 渭 m and 2.33 渭 m) in the abnormal region are analyzed by using the USGS standard spectrum library and the measured crude oil spectrum. The accuracy of hydrocarbon microleakage alteration information extraction is further improved. Finally, this paper considers that if the study area is in the high vegetation cover area when using the ASTER data for temperature inversion, it will appear low temperature phenomenon in the vegetation cover area because of the transpiration of vegetation and other factors. Therefore, the phenomenon of high temperature anomaly in the upper layer of the study area caused by hydrocarbon microleakage is masked, which is not conducive to the extraction of abnormal information of oil and gas. By consulting a lot of data, it is found that TVDI( Temperature-vegetation drought Index) can normalize the result of temperature inversion, weaken the influence of vegetation, and make TVDI have better resolution than ts in vegetation development. Better reflect the true state of the exposed surface temperature.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P627

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