电液微钻试验台主机设计与控制

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:08

本文选题：微钻试验台 + 钻进参数　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济迅速提高，国家对能源资源的需求不断加大。但如今能源资源开发难度比以前更具有挑战性，钻进岩层硬度比以往更加坚硬。由于开采地下资源每年所要消耗的资金以及材料成本越来越高，所以钻探技术的提高以及钻进工艺的选择越来越重要。钻孔施工过程中钻头的质量，直接影响钻井施工进度。研制钻进效率高、成本低廉、使用寿命长的新型钻头显得尤为重要。针对地质、有色、煤田、石油等部门对钻头研制与测试的需求，研发电液微钻试验台，以下简称微钻试验台，用来对新研制的钻头进行性能测试，，是非常有意义的。微钻试验台可模拟真实钻进情况，具有岩样移载运动、动力头回转运动以及给进或提升运动等。能够实现钻进过程中各项钻进参数(钻压、钻速、扭矩、转速及进尺)的监测、采集、处理及存储功能，还可建立钻进参数报表文件数据库。根据微钻试验台总体方案要求进行任务分解，对微钻试验台整体划分为两部分，即主机部分与控制系统部分。确定微钻试验台基本要求、微钻试验台主要组成及总体布局、微钻试验台工作原理。对微钻试验台钻参数进行理论计算，即分别对动力头回转速度、动力头输出扭矩以及冲洗液泵量进行理论计算。根据微钻试验台基本要求分别对岩样箱、主机机架部件、活动横梁、动力头、外罩进行设计。设计完毕对主机各个部件进行统一装配。微钻试验台控制系统包括液压控制系统和参数检测与控制系统两部分。首先对液压控制系统的分类做了简单的介绍。其次根据微钻试验台设计要求，液压控制系统需要驱动动力头的给进以及回转运动，并可实现液压马达无级调速特性。对微钻的液压控制系统给进回路以及回转回路负载特性进行了分析。根据计算得出的钻进参数（动力头回转速度、输出的扭矩，冲洗液的泵量）以及微钻工况需求，对液压泵、液压马达以及相关零件进行选型，并确定微钻钻进参数。对液压动力泵站进行整体设计，使其控制集中，操作方便、外观美观等特点。最后对微钻试验台钻进参数检测与控制系统进行设计分析。对参数检测原理做了简单介绍，分别对钻进压力、回转速度、钻进速度以及进尺深度检测原理进行分析并对相应的各类传感器进行了选型。部件设计、选型完毕，安装微钻试验台并进行调试试验。通过试验得出数据曲线图进行分析。试验结果证明：微钻钻进过程中，微钻试验台整体性能稳定，检验了微钻试验台运行的平稳性，达到预期目标。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for energy resources is increasing. But the development of energy resources is more challenging than ever, and drilling into rock is harder than ever. The improvement of drilling technology and the selection of drilling technology are becoming more and more important because of the increasing cost of funds and materials needed to exploit underground resources every year. The quality of drill bit in drilling process directly affects drilling progress. It is very important to develop new drilling bit with high drilling efficiency, low cost and long service life. In order to meet the demands of geological, nonferrous, coalfield and petroleum departments for the development and testing of drill bits, it is of great significance to develop an electro-hydraulic microdrill test-bed, which can be used to test the performance of newly developed drill bits. The microdrill test rig can simulate the real drilling conditions, including the movement of rock sample load, the movement of rotary power head, and the movement of feed or lift, etc. It can realize the monitoring, collecting, processing and storing functions of drilling parameters (drilling pressure, drilling speed, torque, rotational speed and ruler) during drilling, and can also establish the database of drilling parameter report forms. According to the requirements of the overall scheme of the microdrill test rig, the task is decomposed, and the whole test rig is divided into two parts, namely, the main part and the control system part. To determine the basic requirements of the micro-drill test bench, the main composition and overall layout of the micro-drilling test bed, the principle of micro-drilling test bed. The drilling parameters of microdrill test bench are calculated theoretically, that is, the rotary speed of the power head, the output torque of the power head and the quantity of the flushing fluid pump are calculated respectively. According to the basic requirements of the microdrill test bench, the rock sample box, main frame parts, movable beam, power head and outer cover are designed respectively. After the design, all parts of the main machine are assembled in a unified way. The control system of microdrill test-bed consists of hydraulic control system and parameter detection and control system. Firstly, the classification of hydraulic control system is introduced briefly. Secondly, according to the design requirements of the micro-drill test rig, the hydraulic control system needs to drive the feed of the power head and the rotary movement, and can realize the stepless speed regulation characteristics of the hydraulic motor. The load characteristics of feed loop and rotary loop of micro drill hydraulic control system are analyzed. According to the calculated drilling parameters (rotary speed of power head, output torque, pump quantity of flushing fluid) and the requirement of micro-drilling condition, the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and related parts are selected, and the drilling parameters of micro-drilling are determined. The integral design of hydraulic power pump station is carried out to make its control centralized, easy to operate, beautiful appearance and so on. Finally, the drilling parameter detection and control system of microdrill test bench is designed and analyzed. This paper briefly introduces the principle of parameter detection, analyzes the principles of drilling pressure, rotary speed, drilling speed and depth of advance, respectively, and selects the corresponding sensors. The components are designed and selected, and the micro drill test bench is installed and debugged. The data curve is analyzed by experiment. The experimental results show that the whole performance of the microdrill test-bed is stable and the running stability of the micro-drilling test-bed is verified and the expected goal is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634

【参考文献】