济南岩溶区地下水系统数值模拟及保泉供水管理模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 04:35

本文选题：济南 + 岩溶区　；参考：《山东大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：济南市位于鲁西北冲积平原和鲁中南丘陵低山交接地带,南靠泰山,北临黄河,南高北低,夏天炎热多雨,冬季寒冷干燥,具有典型的暖温带大陆性季风气候特征。济南号称“泉城”,仅城区内就有趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭、珍珠泉四大名泉,整个辖区还有大大小小700多个天然泉眼,有“七十二名泉”美称,被誉为举世无双的天然岩溶泉水博物馆。2010年,以趵突泉为代表的济南诸泉被列入《中国国家自然与文化双遗产预备名录》。随着济南城市建设与发展步伐的加快,对水资源的需求量逐渐增多,长期超采及不合理的开发利用造成了济南地下水位下降,泉水断流：趵突泉从1972年首次断流,之后经常在枯水期间出现断流,1999-2001年甚至连续断流932天,一定程度上影响了城市形象,制约了社会经济发展。泉水断流引起了济南市委市政府的高度重视,自1983年起,保泉工作年年成为政府工作重点。为再现济南泉水喷涌,恢复和改善生态环境,济南市从2001年9月开始大量引用黄河水,关闭了市区及西郊水厂的部分供水井及二环路以内的工业自备井,近两年,更是实施了回灌补源、海绵城市试点建设等项工程。保持泉水持续喷涌,合理、有效、持续地开发与利用地下水资源,控制城市因地下水资源的过度开发而导致的环境问题,建设生态宜居、可持续发展城市环境已经成为济南社会各界的共识。济南南部山区广泛分布着寒武—奥陶系石灰岩,有着发育良好的石灰岩溶洞、溶孔、溶隙、溶蚀管道,为地下水的储存运移提供了巨大的空间和通道：而市区的趵突泉泉域含水层有较大储水空间和较强的调蓄能力,这种巨大调蓄能力和得天独厚的水文地质条件,有利于利用地表水源进行人工调蓄补源。从水位埋深条件看,山前地带水位埋深大,有利于自然入渗,市区附近地下水具有承压性,不利于自然入渗;从含水层结构来看,地层产状平缓,而且为北倾单斜构造,含水层厚度在30～60m之间为最佳。这也是济南市可实施回灌补源、海绵城市建设的有利水文地质条件之一。作为一名学生,我有幸参加了工程的查勘和论证,并以济南岩溶区地下水作为研究对象,进行了深入地研究和探索。自80年代以来,特别是随着计算机技术的应用与普及,地下水系统数值模型技术得到了快速发展,成为研究地下水运动规律和定量评价地下水资源的主要手段之一,逐渐取代了传统的数学模拟技术。数值模型可以体现地下水系统的本质特征,根据现有的地下水资源状况和可以用于开发利用的地下水资源量,在确保不破坏自然生态环境及不发生无法治愈的水患条件下,在达到既能满足泉水持续喷涌又能满足城市经济建设和市民生活的需求目标下,可以最大化地开采及利用地下水资源,基本实现科学管理地下水资源的既定目标。本文所研究的济南岩溶区地下水数值模型是结合济南市城市总体发展规划,针对目前城市地下水资源开发利用不当等一系列问题,运用数值模原理建立科学灵活的地下水资源管理模型,从而获得一个合理的、能够反映研究区地下含水层系统特性的数值模型并通过运行该模型,应用信号与系统分析、响应矩阵法等,提出了地下水资源综合开发利用总体优化方案。该模型通过对工作区以往的基础地质、水文地质、工程地质、保泉供水等资料进行收集、整理和综合研究,结合近年长测资料,通过野外调查,实地验证,充分考虑到长孝岩溶系统、趵突泉泉域、白泉泉域的形成和发育均处在一个比较完整的地下水系统内,在较长时期内,有相对固定的补给项和排泄项,故将其作为一个有机系统,从整体出发,优化组合,采用计算机技术、数学模型和优化技术等手段,建立的一个科学合理的、反映研究区地下含水层系统特性的数值模型。模型采用GMS地下水模拟软件包,确定了高程、模拟期以及水文地质参数等,建立了三维可视化模型以及研究区潜水含水层渗透系数分区图、研究区潜水含水层给水度分区图、研究区岩溶水含水层渗透系数分区图和研究区岩溶水含水层贮水率分区图,并运用试估—校正法进行了模型的识别和验证。地下水数值模型通过计算机技术模拟水位观测期地下水水位变化过程,并通过计算出来的结果分析,得出：所建立的模拟水位和实测水位较为接近,符合研究区域的水文地质条件,基本可以反映研究区实际水位的变化过程和地下水系统的水力特征。地下水系统数值模拟管理模型可以更系统地研究济南地下水系统的运动规律和含水系各方面关系,更精确地论证趵突泉泉域的水文地质特征及其与相邻水文地质单元的关系,全面掌握研究区地下水流的运动规律,准确认识研究区域内的水文和地质条件,取得地下水规划管理问题的最佳方案。同时,本文结合济南地区的水文地质条件,根据含水层的可利用容积、地下水位埋藏深度、含水层的导水性能和储存性能等条件选择了回灌补源地段进行地表水转换地下水试验研究,并提出了具体的补源方案。地下水管理资源模型是目前探求济南市科学开采利用地下水的一项新的尝试,它高度遵守地下水运动规律,为科学管理济南市地下水资源这一目标服务。本文所研究的地下水资源管理模型是解决新阶段城市发展过程中产生的水资源短缺问题和社会经济发展的可持续发展问题、实现地下水资源系统的良性循环的一种新的探索和尝试。本次研究主要取得了以下成果：1.建立济南岩溶区地下水数值模型。综合考虑第四系孔隙含水层和裂隙岩溶含水层之间的水力联系,结合研究区冲洪积扇的范围、厚度等水文地质要素,将长孝岩溶系统、趵突泉泉域、白泉泉域作为一个整体进行建模。应用计算机技术重现水位观测期地下水水位变动过程,并通过对计算结果的分析,进一步了解区域的水文地质条件,建立可视化的济南泉域及其邻区的地下水数值模型。2.建立济南岩溶区地下水管理模型。在新建地下水数值模型的基础上,应用信号与系统分析、响应矩阵法等方法,计算出济西、西郊、市区、东郊开采地下水以及补源、城区建设等对泉水位的影响,生成济南岩溶区地下水资源优化管理模型,通过该模型得出更合理的地下水资源优化配置方案。3.提出科学的保泉补源方案。论文综合分析了应采取何种措施进行保泉,从地下水水力联系、径流通道、入渗性能以及调蓄容量等方面,论证了调蓄补源是保护名泉的必要措施之一。并具体分析了具有代表性的调蓄补源地段的地理特点、地质条件、表流特征、地层岩性等要素,提出了实施调蓄补源的具体方案,为政府决策提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Ji'nan is located in the northwestern alluvial plain and the low mountain zone in the South and South Hills of Shandong Province, South by Taishan, the Yellow River in the north, low in the south, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, with typical warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Ji'nan is known as the "Spring City", but only the Baotu Spring, the black tiger spring, the five Longtan, and the pearl spring are the four famous springs. There are more than 700 natural springs and more than 700 natural springs in the whole area. It is called "seventy-two Famous Springs". It is known as the natural karst spring museum in.2010. The spring of Ji'nan, represented by Baotu Spring, is listed in the Chinese national natural and cultural double heritage list. With the acceleration of the construction and development of the city of Jinan City, the water capital is made. The demand for the source is increasing gradually. The long-term overexploitation and unreasonable exploitation and utilization have caused the decline of the groundwater level in Ji'nan and the breakwater of the spring water: the Baotu Spring has broken out for the first time in 1972, and then often breaks out in the dry period, and has broken the flow for 932 days for 1999-2001 years or even continuously, to a certain extent, the image of the city has been sounded and the social and economic development has been restricted. The spring water is broken. The flow has aroused the high attention of the municipal government of Ji'nan municipal municipal government. Since 1983, the work of the government has become the focus of government work. In order to reproduce the fountain of Ji'nan spring water, restore and improve the ecological environment, Ji'nan city began to quote a large number of the Yellow River water from September 2001, closed the part of the water supply well in the urban and western suburb waterworks and the industrial self well within the two ring road, In the last two years, it has been carried out to carry out the project of recharge and supplement and the pilot construction of the sponge city. Keeping the spring water flowing continuously, rationally, effectively, continuously developing and utilizing the groundwater resources, controlling the environmental problems caused by the overexploitation of the groundwater resources, building the ecological environment, and the sustainable development of the urban environment has become the society of Ji'nan. It is common understanding that Cambrian Ordovician limestone is widely distributed in the southern mountain area of Ji'nan, with well developed limestone karst caves, dissolving holes, dissolving gaps and corroding pipelines, which provide huge space and channel for the storage and transport of groundwater: the Baotu Spring aquifers in the urban area have large water storage space and strong storage capacity. In view of the depth of the water level, the water level in the mountain area is deep, which is beneficial to the natural infiltration. The groundwater in the vicinity of the urban area is pressure bearing and is not conducive to the natural infiltration. From the structure of the water bearing layer, the formation of the formation is gentle and the North inclined monocline. Structure, the thickness of the aquifer is the best between 30 and 60m. This is one of the favorable hydrogeological conditions for the construction of the spongy city in Ji'nan. As a student, I was fortunate to have participated in the investigation and demonstration of the project, and studied and explored the groundwater in Ji'nan karst area as a research object. Since 80s, it has been studied and explored. Since the application and popularization of computer technology, the numerical model technology of groundwater system has been developed rapidly. It has become one of the main means to study the law of groundwater movement and the quantitative evaluation of groundwater resources. It has gradually replaced the traditional mathematical simulation technology. The numerical model can reflect the essential characteristics of the groundwater system, and the root of the groundwater system is the root of the numerical model. According to the existing conditions of groundwater resources and the amount of groundwater resources that can be used for exploitation and utilization, under the conditions of ensuring no destruction of natural ecological environment and without incurable water, it is possible to maximize the exploitation and utilization of the water under the requirements of satisfying the continuous spewing of the spring water and meeting the economic construction of the city and the living of the citizens. Groundwater resources, basically realize the established objective of scientific management of groundwater resources. The groundwater numerical model in Ji'nan karst area is a scientific and flexible groundwater resource management based on a series of problems such as the unsuitable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in the city of Ji'nan. In order to obtain a reasonable model, it can reflect the numerical model of the characteristics of the groundwater aquifer system in the study area, and through the operation of the model, using the signal and system analysis, the response matrix method and so on, the overall optimization scheme of the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources is put forward. The data of Cheng Gequan and water supply water supply are collected, collated and synthetically studied. According to the long survey data in recent years, through field investigation and field verification, the formation and development of the long filial piety karst system and the Baotu Spring spring area are all in a relatively complete underground water system. In a long period, there are relatively fixed supply items. As an organic system, it is a scientific and rational model to reflect the characteristics of the groundwater aquifer system in the study area by means of computer technology, mathematical model and optimization technology as an organic system, using the computer technology, mathematical model and optimization technology. The model uses the GMS groundwater simulation software package to determine the elevation, simulation period and water. The three-dimensional visualization model and the zoning map of the osmosis coefficient of the diving aquifer in the study area, the partition map of water aquifer water content in the study area, the zoning map of the osmotic coefficient of the karst water aquifer in the study area and the zoning map of the water storage rate in the karst water aquifer in the study area, and the identification and test of the model are carried out by the trial estimation method. A numerical model of groundwater is used to simulate the process of groundwater level change during the observation period of water level by computer technology, and through the analysis of the calculated results, it is concluded that the simulated water level is close to the measured water level, which conforms to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, and can basically reflect the change process of the actual water level and the groundwater in the study area. The hydraulic characteristics of the system. The groundwater system numerical simulation management model can more systematically study the movement law of the groundwater system in Ji'nan and the relation of all aspects of the aquifer system, and more accurately demonstrate the hydrogeological characteristics of the Baotu Spring spring area and its relation to the adjacent hydrogeological units, and master the movement law of the groundwater flow in the study area. At the same time, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the Ji'nan area, this paper selects the surface of the recharge and supplement source area according to the available volume of the aquifer, the buried depth of the groundwater level, the water conductivity and the storage performance of the aquifer. The water transfer groundwater test research and the specific source scheme are put forward. The groundwater management resource model is a new attempt to explore the scientific exploitation and utilization of groundwater in Ji'nan. It highly comply with the law of groundwater movement and serve the scientific management of the groundwater resources in Ji'nan. The groundwater resource management studied in this paper The model is a new exploration and attempt to solve the problem of water resources shortage and sustainable development of social and economic development in the process of urban development in the new stage, and to achieve a new exploration and attempt to realize the virtuous cycle of the groundwater resource system. This study mainly achieved the following results: 1. the numerical model of groundwater in Ji'nan rock dissolve area is established. The comprehensive consideration of fourth Based on the hydraulic relation between the pore aquifers and the fractured karst aquifers, combined with the hydrogeological factors such as the scope and thickness of the alluvial fan in the study area, the long filial karst system, the Baotu Spring spring area and the white spring field are modeled as a whole. The process of groundwater level variation in the water level observation period is reproduced by computer technology and the calculation is calculated. The results of the analysis, further understanding of the regional hydrogeological conditions, the establishment of a visualization of the Ji'nan spring area and its adjacent area groundwater numerical model.2. to establish the groundwater management model in Ji'nan karst area. On the basis of the new groundwater numerical model, the application of signal and system analysis, the response matrix method and other methods are used to calculate the Jinxi, western suburbs and urban areas. In the eastern suburb, the influence of groundwater, supplement source and urban construction on the water level of the spring is produced, and the optimization management model of groundwater resources in Ji'nan karst area is generated. Through this model, a more rational scheme of groundwater resources allocation is proposed by.3.. In the aspects of force connection, runoff passage, infiltration performance and storage capacity, it is demonstrated that the storage and supplement source is one of the necessary measures to protect the famous spring, and analyzes the geographical features, geological conditions, surface flow characteristics and stratigraphic lithology, and puts forward the concrete scheme for the implementation of the regulation and storage for the government. The scientific basis is provided.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P641.8

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