利用地震波形—振幅响应技术预测海相碎屑岩岩性组合——以北康盆地为例

发布时间：2018-05-31 05:00

本文选题：地震波形 + 振幅响应　；参考：《石油地球物理勘探》2017年06期

【摘要】：利用海相地层的沉积—地震响应关系结合地震波形—振幅响应技术可对砂、泥岩进行识别和精细解释,是低勘探程度地区海相地层岩性判别的重要手段。为此,选取北康盆地上渐新统—下中新统层序,以沉积—地震响应关系为基础,利用地震波形—振幅响应技术识别碎屑岩岩性组合。结果表明:(1)碎屑岩沉积过程与地震响应具有较好的耦合关系。(2)对于厚层砂、泥岩,地震反射界面较好地对应岩性界面,对于薄层砂、泥岩,地震波仅能大致确定砂、泥岩的厚度,地震反射界面与岩性界面不具有对应关系;砂、泥岩薄互层和岩性渐变的碎屑岩的地震响应特征容易产生多解性。(3)在厚度小于1/4波长的情况下,地质体顶、底面界面的反射波会产生干涉效应,该效应是波阻抗与岩层厚度共同作用的结果,因此应区别对待薄层砂、泥岩和厚层砂、泥岩以及砂泥岩薄互层的地震响应特征。(4)利用地震波形和振幅分析并结合视波阻抗差在剖面上建立的高精度地震剖面岩相展布,可以为烃源岩和储层预测提供可靠依据。文中方法可为南海海域等低勘探程度地区的岩性识别、烃源岩和储层预测提供可靠依据。
[Abstract]:Sedimental-seismic response relationship of marine strata combined with seismic waveform and amplitude response technique can be used to identify and interpret sand and mudstone, which is an important means of lithology discrimination in marine strata in low exploration level areas. Therefore, the sequence of Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene in Beikang Basin is selected. Based on the relationship between sedimentary and seismic response, the lithological assemblage of clastic rocks is identified by using seismic waveform and amplitude response technique. The results show that there is a good coupling relationship between sedimentary process and seismic response of clastic rocks. (2) for thick sand, mudstone and seismic reflection interface, lithologic interface is well corresponded to lithologic interface, and for thin layer sand, mudstone, seismic wave can only roughly determine sand. The thickness of mudstone, seismic reflection interface and lithologic interface do not correspond to each other. The seismic response characteristics of sand, mudstone thin interbed and lithologic gradual clastic rock are easy to produce multiple solutions. When the thickness is less than 1 / 4 wavelength, the top of the geological body, The reflected waves at the bottom interface produce an interference effect, which is the result of the interaction between wave impedance and rock thickness. Therefore, the thin layer sand, mudstone and thick sand should be treated differently. The seismic response characteristics of mudstone and sand-mudstone thin interbed. 4) using seismic waveform and amplitude analysis and combining with apparent wave impedance difference to develop lithofacies distribution in high precision seismic profile can provide reliable basis for hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir prediction. The method can provide reliable basis for lithologic identification, source rock and reservoir prediction in low-exploration areas such as the South China Sea.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室;国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局;
【基金】：中国地质调查局南海某部油气资源调查重点项目(DD20160211) 国家自然科学基金项目(41372112)联合资助
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4

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