影响陷落柱地震解释的波场现象研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 01:44

本文选题：地堑 + 向斜　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：陷落柱是华北煤田一种常见的地质灾害体，，其存在不仅破坏了煤层连续性，还易造成煤矿冒顶、瓦斯突出、突水等事故，严重威胁矿井高效安全生产。因此，在煤矿设计和生产过程中，识别和圈定陷落柱的位置非常重要。众多探测陷落柱的方法中，地震勘探是目前探测陷落柱比较有效的方法，但是其对陷落柱的勘探精度尚不能达到煤矿地质任务的要求，究其原因主要是陷落柱地震解释上存在一些问题。因为在煤矿开采过程中小地堑、小向斜、采空区与陷落柱的地震波场具有一定的相似性，往往造成误解释，无法准确识别，所以研究影响陷落柱地震解释的波场现象十分必要，将影响陷落柱地震解释的波场现象研究清楚后，可以提高陷落柱地震解释精度，能更好的服务煤矿。本文首先总结了地堑、向斜、采空区及陷落柱的地质特征，然后阐述了地震勘探原理并通过举例重点介绍反射波地震勘探法，接着从原理上分析地震探测地堑、向斜、采空区与陷落柱的可行性，并介绍了四种地质现象在地震时间剖面上的特征及产生的特殊波，最后介绍地震勘探分辨率概念。在此基础上，建立四种地质现象相关的地震地质模型，利用Tesseral-2D正演模拟软件对不同尺寸的地堑、向斜、采空区与陷落柱用弹性波方程进行正演模拟，对比分析它们的水平叠加剖面和偏移剖面，并与实际地震资料结合对比。结果表明，在本文已定的模型及参数条件下，总结出了四种地质现象地震波场的异同及它们横向分辨能力的高低。论文所取得的成果符合原理和实际，因此在地震资料解释中，具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Collapse pillar is a common geological hazard body in North China coalfield. Its existence not only destroys the continuity of coal seam, but also easily causes accidents such as coal mine roof fall, gas outburst, water inrush and so on, which seriously threatens the high efficiency and safety of mine production. Therefore, in the process of coal mine design and production, it is very important to identify and delineate the position of collapse pillar. Among the many methods of detecting collapse columns, seismic exploration is an effective method to detect subsidence columns at present, but the exploration accuracy of subsidence columns can not meet the requirements of geological tasks in coal mines. The main reason is that there are some problems in seismic interpretation of collapsing columns. Because the seismic wave fields of small graben, small syncline, goaf and collapse column are similar in the process of coal mining, they often cause misinterpretation and can not be accurately identified, so it is necessary to study the wave field phenomenon that affects the seismic interpretation of collapse column. After the study of wave field phenomenon affecting seismic interpretation of collapse column is made clear, the precision of seismic interpretation of collapse column can be improved and the coal mine can be better served. In this paper, the geological characteristics of graben, syncline, goaf and collapse column are summarized, then the principle of seismic exploration is expounded and the seismic exploration method of reflection wave is introduced with examples. Then, the principle of seismic detection of graben and syncline is analyzed. This paper introduces the feasibility of goaf and collapse column, and introduces the characteristics of four geological phenomena in seismic time profile and the special waves produced. Finally, the concept of seismic exploration resolution is introduced. On this basis, four seismic geological models related to geological phenomena are established, and the forward modeling of graben, syncline, goaf and collapse column with Tesseral-2D forward simulation software is carried out by elastic wave equation. Their horizontal stack profiles and migration profiles are compared and compared with the actual seismic data. The results show that the similarities and differences of the seismic wave fields of four geological phenomena and their lateral resolution are summarized under the conditions of the models and parameters established in this paper. The results obtained in this paper are in accordance with the principle and practice, so it has some guiding and referential significance in seismic data interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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