准噶尔盆地南缘构造特征与油气分布

发布时间：2018-06-05 10:40

本文选题：准噶尔盆地南缘 + 构造特征　；参考：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：准噶尔盆地南缘拥有良好的石油地质条件,勘探潜力巨大,目前已成为我国西部油气勘探的一个热点区域。历经半世纪的勘探研究,已经发现了一大批油气田,但由于该区大地构造位置比较复杂,分别受到海西、印支、燕山和喜山多期次(或同期次)不同构造体系的叠加与复合,使准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造复杂,给油气勘探带来一定的阻力。因此,弄清准南山前带的结构构造特征、构造演化、构造演化与油气关系,有利于西部油气勘探的研究以及山前带油气成藏条件的深一步认识,有助于综合评价山前带的油气勘探潜力;同时进一步明确西部油气勘探潜力与方向,为深入开展地震、井位部署提供依据,加快准南山前带的油气勘探进程。本文综合应用板块构造理论、构造地质学、石油地质学、含油气盆地分析等理论和技术,重点从准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造特征与构造演化的角度,探讨了构造活动对地层发育、构造特征及样式、生储盖发育、圈闭形成、油气运聚等的影响。准噶尔盆地南缘构造十分复杂,由于受到晚古生代以来的海西期、印支期、燕山晚期和喜山晚期等多期构造活动的影响,发育规模和时空展布等具有多期性、多样性和复杂性等特点,因此,本次研究提出该区以逆断层(逆冲、逆掩)为主,局部发育压扭走滑断层和少量正断层。同时根据准噶尔盆地南缘断裂平面展布特征,将集中分布于天山造山带和盆缘山前带的断裂系统划分为北东向断裂、北西向(含北西西向)断裂、近东西向断裂和弧形断裂等四组主要的断裂系统,其平面分布及形成时期各具特点。归纳总结了研究区构造类型,本文根据地层卷入程度、褶皱构造几何形态,将构造样式划分为基底卷入型和盖层滑脱型2大类、8个亚类。准噶尔盆地南缘经历了三大沉积构造演化阶段(石炭纪至早二叠世的陆缘裂陷阶段、中晚二叠世至侏罗纪的陆内坳陷阶段、白垩纪至第四纪的晚期前陆盆地阶段),造就了多个沉积旋回,形成了多套生储盖组合,本文归纳总结了主要的四套生储盖组合。根据其成因机制,将准南地区圈闭类型划分为构造型圈闭、非构造型圈闭和复合型圈闭3大类、9小类。准噶尔盆地南缘油气聚集和分布,主要以区域地层不整合面、断裂作为油气运移的通道,以正向构造带作为油气聚集的重要场所。在横向上,这些油气聚集带很有规律地集中分布在山前各排背斜构造带中,但随着盆地部分新地层的发育和后期保存条件的改善,在纵向上油气聚集的层位从山前向盆地方向有逐渐变新的趋势。
[Abstract]:The southern margin of Junggar Basin has good petroleum geological conditions and great exploration potential, which has become a hot spot of oil and gas exploration in western China. After half a century of exploration and research, a large number of oil and gas fields have been discovered, but due to the complexity of tectonic location in this area, they are superimposed and combined by different tectonic systems of Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan periods (or periods), respectively. The structure of the Foreland zone in the southern margin of Junggar Basin is complicated, which brings some resistance to oil and gas exploration. Therefore, it is beneficial to the study of oil and gas exploration in the western part of China and the further understanding of the oil and gas accumulation conditions in the pre-mountain belt to make clear the structural characteristics, structural evolution and the relationship between oil and gas in the front belt of the Quasi-Nanshan Mountains. It is helpful to evaluate the potential of oil and gas exploration in the Foreland belt and to further clarify the potential and direction of oil and gas exploration in the western part of the country, to provide the basis for the further development of earthquake and well location deployment, and to speed up the process of oil and gas exploration in the front belt of Quasi-Nanshan. Based on the theories and techniques of plate tectonics, tectonic geology, petroleum geology and petroliferous basin analysis, this paper focuses on the structural characteristics and tectonic evolution of the Foreland zone in the southern margin of Junggar Basin. The effects of tectonic activities on stratigraphic development, structural characteristics and patterns, development of source, reservoir and cap, trap formation, oil and gas migration and accumulation are discussed. The southern margin of Junggar Basin is very complicated. Due to the influence of the late Paleozoic Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian and late Himalayan tectonic activities, the development scale and space-time distribution of Junggar Basin are multistage. Because of its diversity and complexity, this study suggests that thrust faults (thrust and thrust), local compression-torsional strike-slip faults and a few normal faults are the main faults in this area. At the same time, according to the plane distribution characteristics of faults in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, the fault system, which is concentrated in Tianshan orogenic belt and basin margin, is divided into NE and NW (including NW) faults. There are four main fault systems, near east-west fault and arc fault, whose plane distribution and forming period have their own characteristics. The structural types of the study area are summarized. According to the degree of stratigraphic involvement and the geometric form of fold structure, the structural styles are divided into two types: the basement involvement type and the cover slip type, and 8 subclasses. The southern margin of Junggar Basin has experienced three stages of sedimentary tectonic evolution (Carboniferous to early Permian) continental margin rift stage, middle and late Permian to Jurassic intracontinental depression stage. The late Foreland basin stage from Cretaceous to Quaternary resulted in multiple sedimentary cycles and formed multiple sets of reservoir cap assemblage. According to its genetic mechanism, the traps in the southern part of the region are divided into structural traps, non-structural traps and complex traps. Oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the southern margin of Junggar Basin mainly take the regional stratigraphic unconformity surface, the fault as the passage of hydrocarbon migration, and the forward structural belt as the important place for oil and gas accumulation. Horizontally, these oil and gas accumulation zones are distributed regularly in the anticline tectonic belts in front of the mountains, but with the development of some new strata in the basin and the improvement of the later preservation conditions, The horizon of oil and gas accumulation is gradually changing from the front of the mountain to the basin in the longitudinal direction.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

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