太湖西部平原全新世环境演变的钻孔记录

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:55

本文选题：太湖西部平原 + 骆驼墩　；参考：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全新世以来,人类文明进入了大发展时期,文化发展的同时伴随着人地关系的转变,人类逐渐适应和改造着周围环境。太湖地区是我国重要的经济发展中心,在这里孕育发展了灿烂的史前文明,而太湖西部平原的自然环境演变过程重建以及考古发掘工作较为匮乏。本文选择太湖西部平原骆驼墩遗址旁的自然钻孔LTD-12,进行了AMS14C测年、有机碳同位素、粒度、磁化率、元素等环境代用指标分析,揭示了太湖西部平原全新世以来古气候、古环境的记录；同时对比太湖东西部以及大尺度的气候资料,并结合区域环境重建、考古发掘资料,探讨太湖西部地区气候演变过程以及其对文明发展的影响,为现代自然资源和社会、文化发展之间的相关关系提供基础理论依据。1)骆驼墩自然钻孔的各指标分析结果显示,骆驼墩地区环境演变过程可以分为以下四个阶段：13.0～9.11(a BP,水动力较弱,元素含量和磁化率值均一,物源稳定,为沼泽相沉积；温凉偏干的气候使得有机碳同位素值相对偏正。9.1～6.7 ka BP,粒度、磁化率和元素结果表明水动力明显增大,为湖泊沉积；有机碳同位素在本阶段明显偏负,常绿栎、落叶栎含量增加,气候温暖湿润。6.7～3.0 ka BP,水动力较前带显著降低,有机碳同位素相对前带偏正,暖湿气候特征的花粉含量有所降低,气候温凉偏干。3.0ka以来,粘土含量明显增加,沉积动力进一步减弱,为沼泽相沉积；有机碳同位素逐渐偏正,常绿栎、落叶栎、湿生草本的含量明显减少,气候凉干；蕨类孢子和十字花科孢粉的含量升高,可能与人类活动有关。2)太湖西部平原全新世以来的气候变化与太湖东部古气候研究结果较为一致,均表现为早全新世温凉偏干,早中全新世气候逐渐转为暖湿,大暖期后气候向凉干转变。因此,同受季风控制的太湖地区气候变化具有区域性。太阳辐射和东亚夏季风的变化是太湖地区气候变化的主要驱动因素。3)骆驼墩地区的泥炭层为马家浜文化时期的稻作农业提供了条件,加之暖湿的气候条件,先民在此定居并发展了以平底釜为主的独特的骆驼墩—吴家埠文化类型。而在马家浜文化晚期,受北阴阳营文化的冲击影响,太湖流域东西并立的文化格局逐渐被打破,至崧泽文化时期形成了较统一的文化类型,骆驼墩地区文化仍受到太湖流域文化的影响,但已经逐渐失去了文化中心的地位。良渚文化时期,凉千的气候加之海平面的下降,从而导致陆地面积增加,为先民的生存发展创造了条件,太湖流域的文化中心逐渐由北向东南迁移。
[Abstract]:Since the Holocene, human civilization has entered a period of great development. With the development of culture and the transformation of the relationship between man and land, human beings gradually adapt to and transform the surrounding environment. Taihu Lake region is an important economic development center of our country, where the splendid prehistoric civilization has been conceived and developed, while the natural environment evolution process reconstruction and archaeological excavation work in the western plain of Taihu Lake are relatively scarce. In this paper, the natural borehole LTD-12 near Camel Pier site in the western plain of Taihu Lake is selected, and the environmental proxy indexes such as AMS 14C dating, organic carbon isotope, particle size, magnetic susceptibility and elements are analyzed. The paleoclimate of the western plain of Taihu Lake has been revealed since Holocene. Records of paleoenvironment, comparison of climate data on the eastern and western parts of Taihu Lake and large-scale climatic data, combined with regional environmental reconstruction and archaeological excavations, to explore the process of climatic evolution and its impact on the development of civilization in the western part of Taihu Lake. To provide the basic theoretical basis for the correlation between modern natural resources and social and cultural development. 1) the results of the analysis of the indicators of the natural drilling of camel piers show that, The environmental evolution process in Camel Pier area can be divided into four stages: 1. 13.0 ~ 9.11 (a BP), weak hydrodynamic, uniform element content and magnetic susceptibility, stable provenance, and swamp facies deposition. The organic carbon isotope value is relatively positive at 6.7 ka BP, particle size, magnetic susceptibility and element results show that the hydrodynamic force is obviously increased, and the organic carbon isotope is obviously negative in this stage. The content of deciduous oak increased, and the climate was warm and humid, and the hydrodynamic force was significantly lower than that of the front zone, the organic carbon isotope was more positive than that of the front zone, the pollen content of warm and wet climate was decreased, and the climate was dry and warm since 3.0ka. The content of clay increased obviously, and the sedimentation power weakened further, and the organic carbon isotope gradually became more and more positive, the contents of evergreen oak, deciduous oak and wet herbs decreased obviously, and the climate was cool and dry. The increase of pteridophyte spores and sporopollen content in cruciferous family may be related to human activities. 2) the climatic changes since Holocene in the western plain of Taihu Lake are consistent with the paleoclimate results in the eastern part of Taihu Lake, showing that the early Holocene is warm and cool. The early and middle Holocene climate gradually turned to warm and wet, and after the great warm period, the climate changed to cool and dry. Therefore, climate change in Taihu Lake area controlled by monsoon is regional. The variation of solar radiation and East Asian summer monsoon is the main driving factor of climate change in Taihu Lake area. 3) Peat beds in Camel Pier area provide conditions for rice farming during the Majiabang culture period, coupled with warm and wet climate conditions. The ancestors settled here and developed a unique Camel Dun-Wu Jiabu culture type with flat-bottomed kettle. In the late period of Majiabang culture, under the impact of the North Yin and Yang Ying culture, the cultural pattern of the Taihu Lake basin was gradually broken, and a more unified cultural type was formed in the period of Song Ze culture. The culture of Camel Dun area is still influenced by the culture of Taihu Lake Basin, but it has gradually lost its status as a cultural center. During the period of Liangzhu Culture, the cool climate and the decrease of sea level resulted in the increase of land area, which created the conditions for the survival and development of the ancestors. The cultural center of Taihu Lake Basin gradually migrated from north to southeast.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P534.632

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