自动导向钻具动力学分析与实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 06:49

本文选题：自动旋转导向钻具 + 动力学分析　；参考：《中国地质大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：自动导向钻具指的是钻柱在旋转钻进的过程中,随钻同步实现自动导向功能的一种钻具。由于这种钻具能够实时检测孔斜状态并实时纠斜,钻井时能够沿着预先设计的轨迹钻进。并且具有钻进摩阻和扭阻小、转速高以及井身的轨迹较为平滑等优点,被认为是当代导向钻井的主流发展趋势。但是,目前国内尚未完全掌握此项关键技术。本文以前期国家“863"探索导向类课题“电磁波随钻遥测式自动垂钻系统关键技术研究”为依托,对自动导向钻具井下的动力学行为和工作状态进行研究,通过仿真分析结合实验模拟的手段,研究了在不同钻压、转速及偏置力条件下,钻具实时动态形变与受力的情况,而振动问题又是最为核心的问题。本项研究旨在为开发出适合我国国情的自动化导向钻具系统,加快我国深部资源的勘探提供技术支持。具体研究内容包括以下几个方面：简述了自动导向钻具课题的来源与背景、研究意义,国内、外在自动导向钻具研发方面的最新进展和钻柱动力学研究现状,探讨了白动导向钻具今后的发展趋势。通过钻柱动力学理论分析方法的比选,得出采用能量法对带有自动导向功能钻柱动力学系统进行分析是可行的,提出了自动导向钻具动力学分析的主要技术路径。自动垂钻系统为自动导向钻具其中一种特殊的结构形式,这种系统的工作原理与静态推靠式自动导向钻具的工作原理是一致的,借鉴对现有垂钻系统的研究能满足本课题部分研究需要。阐述了偏置机构的工作原理及工作要求,分析了偏置机构的核心部件的设计要求。通过两种控制方案的对比,得出了采用偏置合矢力控制方案存在“控制死区”；一般遵循最小能量原则和就近原则,采用偏置合位移的控制方案为最优,并给出了导向工具控制算法框图。利用Solid Works三维分析软件对偏置机构设计做出辅助分析,通过对偏置机构的整体装配分析,明确了各元部件之间的儿何关系和拓扑关系,为自动导向钻具的研发提供了一个合理有效的设计手段。利用纵横弯曲连续梁法,构建起自动导向钻具BHA导向力学分析模型。分析了自动导向钻具BHA力学理论,包括把三维分析分解为两个二维问题、井斜平而P上的力学以及方位平面Q上的力学分析等内容,得出自动导向钻具钻头处的导向力与钻头处的井斜角、钻压,井眼曲率,稳定器的位置、数量与规格等因素有关。应用ADAMS软件比较直观地研究了在偏置力作用下的运动状态。经过不断摸索和完善,该方法将为自动导向钻具选择钻井参数合理的选择、提高钻杆运行行的可靠性以及设计钻杆的防磨装置等方面提供相关理论依据。在分析自动导向钻具BHA动力学规律的过程中,分别阐述了自动导向钻具BHA轴向、横向、扭转及其相互之间的耦合振动规律。由于在钻进过程中,自动导向钻具是耦合了轴向、横向、扭转三种振动状态,同时钻具还受到偏置机构集中导向力的作用,应用哈密顿(Hamilton)原理对其进行动力学分析能比较准确、真实反映实际动力学关系。该模型说明了旋转机构在偏置构件作用下产生的振动具有全耦合性,即每种振动形式之间存在着相互影响、相互作用。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,模拟出不同钻压、转速及偏置力情况下,自动导向钻具BHA振动特性。其中包括了ANSYS相关模型的建立、主要假设、相关参量、定义材料属性和建立钻柱模型等。利用该软件逐次分析了在偏置力作用下轴向振动、横向振动、扭转振动以及耦合振动问题。同时,分析了不同转速及钻压情况下,偏置机构动态应力与应变分布状况,离钻头2.55m、1.8m、1.5m和0.15m,这四处为偏置机构在运动过程中振动的薄弱环节。最后,设计了自动导向钻具BHA室内实验方案,通过试验证明了仿真试验结果的正确性。所得的结果可以为自动导向钻具结构的优化设计提供可靠依据。
[Abstract]:An automatic guide drill refers to a drill tool that synchronously realizes the automatic guiding function in the process of drilling and drilling in the process of rotary drilling. Since the drilling tool can detect the obliquely and real-time deviation of the hole in real time, drilling can be drilled along the pre designed trajectory when drilling, and has small drilling friction resistance and torsion resistance, high speed and well trajectory. It is considered to be the mainstream development trend of the contemporary guided drilling. However, this key technology has not been fully grasps at home. This paper is based on the research of the key technology of "electromagnetic wave drilling telemetering automatic vertical drilling system" in the previous national "863" exploration oriented project. The work state is studied. Through the simulation analysis and experimental simulation, the real time dynamic deformation and stress of the drilling tools under the conditions of different drilling pressure, speed and bias force are studied. And the problem of vibration is the most core problem. This study aims at developing an automatic steering drilling tool system suitable for the national conditions of our country. The exploration of the deep resources of the country provides technical support. The specific research contents include the following aspects: the origin and background of the automatic steering drilling tools, the significance of the research, the latest progress in the research and development of the internal and external automatic guided drilling tools and the current research status of the drill string dynamics are discussed, and the future development trend of the white moving drilling tools is discussed. The comparison and selection of the theoretical analysis method of drill string dynamics shows that it is feasible to use the energy method to analyze the dynamic system of the drill string with automatic guide function. The main technical path of the dynamic analysis of the automatic guide drill is put forward. The automatic drilled system is a special structure form of the automatic steering tool, and the original work of this system is the original. The working principle of the automatic and static steering drilling tool is consistent. The study of the existing vertical drilling system can meet the needs of the research in this subject. The working principle and work requirements of the bias mechanism are expounded. The design requirements of the core components of the bias mechanism are analyzed. The bias of the two control schemes is obtained, and the bias is obtained. The combined vector control scheme has "control dead zone"; generally following the minimum energy principle and the near principle, the control scheme of offset displacement is adopted as the best, and the flow chart of the steering tool control algorithm is given. The auxiliary analysis of the bias mechanism design is made by using the Solid Works three-dimensional analysis software, and the overall assembly points of the biasing mechanism are divided. In order to provide a reasonable and effective design method for the research and development of automatic steering drilling tools, this paper provides a reasonable and effective design method for the research and development of automatic steering drilling tools. Using the longitudinal and horizontal bending continuous beam method, the BHA oriented mechanical analysis model of the automatic steering drilling tool is constructed. The BHA mechanics theory of the automatic steering drilling tool is analyzed, including the decomposition of the three-dimensional analysis to two A two-dimensional problem, well oblique leveling, mechanics on P and mechanical analysis on the azimuth plane Q, it is concluded that the guiding force at the drill bit at the drill bit is related to the angle of the well at the bit, the drilling pressure, the borehole curvature, the position of the stabilizer, the quantity and the specifications. The motion of the ADAMS soft parts is compared intuitively to the motion under the action of the bias force. After continuous exploration and improvement, this method will provide the relevant theoretical basis for selecting the drilling parameters reasonably, improving the reliability of the drilling rod running line and designing the drill rod's anti grinding device. In the process of analyzing the dynamic law of the automatic steering tool BHA, the BHA shaft of the automatic steering drill tool is expounded. The coupling vibration law of direction, transverse, torsion and each other, because in the process of drilling, the automatic steering tool is coupled with three kinds of vibration states, axial, transverse and torsional. At the same time, the drilling tool is also affected by the centralized guidance force of the biasing mechanism. The dynamic analysis of the drilling tool with Hamilton can be more accurate and true. The model shows that the vibration produced by the rotating mechanism under the action of the bias component is fully coupled, that is, the interaction and interaction between each type of vibration form. Using the ANSYS finite element analysis software, the vibration characteristics of the automatic steering tool BHA are simulated under different drilling pressure, rotating speed and bias force. The ANSYS correlation model is established, the main hypothesis, the related parameters, the definition of material properties and the establishment of a drill string model. The software is used to analyze the axial vibration, lateral vibration, torsional vibration and coupled vibration under the action of the bias force. At the same time, the dynamic stress and strain distribution of the biasing mechanism are analyzed under different speeds and drills. The situation, away from the bit 2.55m, 1.8m, 1.5m and 0.15m, is the weak link of the vibration of the biasing mechanism during the movement. Finally, the experimental scheme of the automatic steering drill BHA laboratory is designed, and the correctness of the simulation test results is proved by the test. The results can provide a reliable basis for the optimization design of the structure of the automatic steering gear.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P634.4

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