准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐背斜带中上组合沉积相研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 22:34

本文选题：准噶尔盆地 + 霍玛吐背斜带　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：准噶尔盆地霍玛吐背斜带位于准噶尔盆地南缘中段,属于南缘中—新生界三排构造的中的第二排,主体自西向东分布有霍尔果斯、玛纳斯以及吐谷鲁三个背斜。南缘地区因其巨大的油气资源潜力,已成为准噶尔盆地后续勘探开发的重要接替领域,其中霍玛吐背斜带的前期勘探成果和邻区勘探资料显示该区有较为丰富的油气资源。研究区内沉积的地层厚度最大可达15000米,并发育有多套生储盖组合,资源潜力巨大。早在上世纪初,就有许多学者在准噶尔盆地南缘来进行考察、勘探和研究,因为南缘地区地面露头与构造样式十分丰富,并且发现了许多出露地表的油气苗。上世纪中旬主要对地面构造勘探进行地质调查,勘探手段以重磁电为主,完成了对整个南缘西部地区地质详查和重磁电普查,基本上弄清了盆地南缘的地面地层和构造特征。上世纪八十年代运用二维地震勘探手段,对准噶尔盆地南缘进行了地质勘探,但因南缘地区地质条件复杂,在许多地区地震测网十分稀疏。进入上世纪九十年代,地质工作者对南缘的各个重要构造区域的地震勘探进行了加密与更加细致的研究,大体上厘清了南缘背斜构造带的区域构造特征。但是由于研究区内的沉积环境、构造演化的复杂性以及勘探资料的局限性前人在该地区的研究程度相对其他地区较弱,对沉积相的研究并未深入展开,因此对研究区内的沉积特征、沉积微相的识别、沉积相以及沉积砂体的展布的研究具有重要的意义。为此,本文在充分调研前人研究的基础上,通过对野外露头以及大量岩心进行细致的观察和描述,从岩石学特征、粒度分布特征、沉积构造特征、遗迹化石特征以及测井相特征五方面,总结出研究区各类沉积相的相标志,为沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。通过重矿物分析,研究区陆源重矿物组合主要以不稳定类为主,反映出近源沉积的特征；结合砂地比,准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐背斜带中上组合沉积主要受南部物源,西北部物源对研究区影响仅限于沙湾期的西湖背斜。南缘中段由东向西依次发育,昌吉、吐谷鲁、玛纳斯以及奎屯四大水系(或次物源),并且具有继承性。根据研究,上白垩统东沟组为一套红色泥岩、砂质泥岩与砾岩、含砾砂岩和砂岩的互层,是盆地南缘的一套储层。古近系的紫泥泉子组为棕红色、褐红色砂质泥岩夹灰红色砂岩、砾岩底部为石灰质砾岩,含介形类化石。其岩性在横向上变化很大。古近系安集海河组与紫泥泉子组为连续过渡沉积,该组是研究区最细的一套地层,主要为浅—半深湖相沉积。其中部以灰绿、深灰色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩夹浅灰色泥灰岩、介壳灰岩为主,上、下部发育杂色泥岩和砂岩条带。新近系沙湾组岩性主要为河湖相的棕红色砂质泥岩夹灰红色、灰绿色砂岩、砾岩。下部发育红褐色、褐灰色粉砂质泥岩与泥质粉砂岩呈不等厚互层；中部灰色及褐色细砂岩、含砾砂岩、石英砂岩夹褐色、灰褐色泥岩及粉砂质泥岩,局部见灰色膏质粉砂岩；上部发育灰色膏质砂岩及粉砂岩为主,夹灰、褐色砂岩、泥岩、砂质泥岩及粉砂质泥岩。准噶尔盆地从紫泥泉子期—安集海河期—沙湾期经历了一个完整的湖进和湖退过程,最大湖泛面在安集海河期。南缘中段地区,紫泥泉子组为一个退积序列,砂体发育。向上安集海河组为大范围湖侵沉积,并存在异常高压。安集海河组泥岩是准噶尔盆地南缘地区的一套区域性盖层。沙湾期是基准面下降湖退过程,沉积物粒度自下而上逐渐变粗,表现为进积,砂体较发育。沙湾组河道砂岩是霍玛吐背斜带区域性有利储层。通过对相标志的识别以及对砂地比、泥岩颜色和反映沉积相纵向演化的基干剖面的分析,总结出研究区发育了曲流河、辫状河、曲流河三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊五种沉积相类型,以及各沉积相类型所包含的若干沉积微相。其中,研究区东沟组以曲流河沉积为主,部分地区发育辫状河沉积；紫泥泉子组湖盆范围逐渐增大,但水体较浅,研究区的沉积环境由东沟组的陆上环境逐渐向水下环境过渡,发育曲流河—曲流河三角洲沉积与辫状河—辫状河三角洲沉积；安集海河组与紫泥泉子组为连续过渡沉积,该组是研究区最细的一套地层,主要为浅—半深湖相沉积；沙湾组相对于安集海河组湖平面下降,研究区内西湖、独山子、安集海河、霍尔果斯四个背斜均演变为辫状河三角洲前缘沉积。东沟组规模型砂体主要发育于东一段和东二段的曲流河河道沉积中；紫泥泉子组有利砂体主要发育在曲流河与辫状河河道沉积与曲流河(辫状河)三角洲前缘沉积中；安集海河组与东沟组砂体发育在三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝沉积砂体,砂体厚度较薄,横向连通性较差。研究区优势储集相带类型主要为水下分流河道、河口坝、滨浅湖砂坪、远沙坝。南缘各层组储集体岩性总体比较细,以细砂岩为主。据此,本文厘清了研究区各背斜沉积相以及砂体展布规律,指出了有利的储盖区带,为该地区下一步的油气勘探与开发提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:The HORMA spit anticline zone in the Junggar basin is located in the middle section of the southern margin of the Junggar basin. It belongs to the second row of the middle three row of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in the southern margin. The main body is from the west to the East, and there are three anticlines in Huoerguosi, Manasi and the pugu Lu. The southern margin has become an important part of the follow-up exploration and development of the Junggar basin because of its great potential for oil and gas resources. In the area of replacement, the preliminary exploration results of the hormaru anticline belt and the exploration data in the adjacent area show that there are more abundant oil and gas resources in the area. The thickness of the sedimentary strata in the study area is up to 15000 meters, and there are many sets of reservoir cover assemblages, and the potential of resources is huge. Investigation, exploration and research, because the surface outcrops and structural styles of the southern margin are very rich, and many oil and gas seedlings are found out of the surface. In the middle of last century, geological survey was carried out mainly on the ground tectonic exploration. The ground formation and structural features of the southern margin of the basin were cleared. In the 80s of last century, the geological exploration was conducted on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin by means of two-dimensional seismic exploration. However, the seismic network in many areas was very sparse in the southern margin of the basin. In the 90s of last century, all the important structures of the geological workers to the southern margin. The seismic exploration in the region has been studied by encryption and more meticulous research, which generally clarifies the regional structural characteristics of the southern margin anticline structural belt. But because of the sedimentary environment in the study area, the complexity of the tectonic evolution and the limitation of the exploration data, the degree of research in this area is weaker than that in other areas. It is of great significance for the study of sedimentary characteristics, identification of sedimentary microfacies, sedimentary facies and the distribution of sedimentary sand bodies in the study area. Therefore, on the basis of thorough investigation of previous studies, this paper makes fine observation and description of the outcrop and a large number of cores from the field, from the petrological characteristics and the granularity distribution. The characteristics of the sedimentary structure, the feature of the trace fossils and the characteristics of the log facies are five, and the facies markers of the sedimentary facies in the study area are summarized, which provide a powerful basis for the identification and division of the sedimentary facies. In the southern margin of the Junggar basin, the middle and upper assemblages of the upper and upper assemblages in the hmma anticline zone are mainly derived from the southern source, and the northwest material source is limited to the West Lake anticline in the Shawan period. The middle section of the southern margin is developed from east to west, and the four major water systems (or secondary sources) in Changji, pukhu Lu, Manasi and Kuitun are inherited. The East gully group is a set of red mudstone, sandy mudstone and conglomerate, gravel and sandstone interbeds, a set of reservoirs in the southern margin of the basin. The Palaeogene Purple mud spring subgroup is brown red, the brown red sandy mudstone is grayish red sandstone, and the bottom of the conglomerate is limestone conglomerate, and the lithology of the Palaeogene is transversely affected. The river formation is a continuous transition deposit with the purple mud Quan Zi formation, which is the finest set of strata in the study area, mainly shallow and semi deep lacustrine facies, with gray green, deep gray mudstone, muddy siltstone grayish gray marl, intercalated limestone and upper and lower part of the mudstone and sandstone strip. The brown red sandy mudstone is grayish red, gray green sandstone and conglomerate. The lower part is reddish brown, brown gray powder sandy mudstone and muddy siltstone have unequal thickness, and gray and brown fine sandstone in the middle, grayish sandstone, quartzite grained brown, gray brown mudstone and silty mudstone, local gray ointment siltstone and grey ointment developed in the upper part. The main sandstone and siltstone are grayish, brown sandstone, mudstone, sandy mudstone and silty mudstone. The Junggar basin has undergone a complete lacustrine and lake retreat process from the purple mud spring period to the Anji Haihe period and Shawan period. The largest lake pan is in the Anji Haihe period. The middle section of the southern margin, the purple mud spring subgroup is a sedimentary sequence and the sand body is developed. The upper Anji Haihe formation is a large area of Lake invasion and abnormal high pressure. The mudstone of the Anji Haihe formation is a set of regional caprock in the southern margin of the Junggar basin. The Sand Bay period is the decline process of the datum surface, the grain size is gradually thickening from the bottom to the bottom, and the sand body is more developed. The Sand Bay formation river sandstone is the homemo anticline zone. A regional favorable reservoir. Through the analysis of the identification of phase markers and the analysis of the clay color and the longitudinal evolution of the sedimentary facies, it is concluded that the study area developed five types of sedimentary facies in the meandering river, the braided river, the creek Delta, the braided river delta and the lake, and the sedimentary facies included in the sedimentary facies. Microfacies. Among them, the East ditch group in the study area is mainly composed of the meandering river deposit, and the braided river deposits are developed in some areas; the range of the lake basin is gradually increasing, but the water body is shallow. The sedimentary environment in the study area is gradually transferred from the onshore environment of the Dong Gou formation to the underwater environment, and the formation of the triplet of the triplex River Delta and the braided river and braided river three. The Anjihaihe formation and the purple mudanzi formation are continuous transition deposits. This group is the finest set of strata in the study area, mainly shallow and half deep lacustrine facies. The Shawan Formation is relative to the Anjihaihe formation, the lake level drops, the West Lake, Dushanzi, the AnJiHai River in the study area and the four anticlines of Huoerguosi all evolve into the braided river delta front edge. The sand bodies of the Donggou group gauge are mainly developed in the eastern and Eastern two sections of the meandering river channel deposits, and the favorable sand bodies of the purple mudanzi formation are mainly developed in the deposits of the meandering river and braided river channels and the delta front of the taanghe River (braided river), and the sand bodies of the Anji Haihe and Donggou formation are developed in the delta front of the subaqueous distributary channel. And the sand body of the estuarine dam, the sand body thickness is thin, and the lateral connectivity is poor. The main types of reservoir facies belts in the study area are underwater distributary channel, estuarine dam, shallow lake sand flat and far sand dam. The reservoir lithology of each layer in the south edge of the South margin is fine and the fine sandstone is the main sandstone. Accordingly, this paper clarifies the sedimentary facies of the anticline and the distribution rules of sand body in the study area. The favorable reservoir cap zone is pointed out, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration and development of oil and gas in this area.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

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