气候变化和人类活动影响下伊舒盆地地下水环境演化研究
发布时间：2018-07-18 10:56
【摘要】：随着我国城市化、工业化进程加快,人类活动在地下水环境演化中的作用日趋变强。在人类活动的干扰下,原有的地下水环境演化模式遭到破坏,出现了一系列环境水文地质问题,对生态环境和人类生存产生了极大的威胁。伊舒盆地位于吉林省中部,是吉林省重要的粮食生产基地和地下水源储备基地,近年来,由于人类的不合理地开采和破坏,导致伊舒盆地地下水位不断下降,水质条件不断恶化,地下水环境的演化正逐步从量变到质变,进入新的地下水环境演化模式。目前对地下水环境演化模式的相关研究及文献均鲜有报道,本文从伊舒盆地第四系地下水环境的演化规律研究入手,对地下水环境演化模式进行定义、分类以及定性和定量相结合的分析研究,为该地区未来作为长春、吉林等地的应急水源地提供科学依据,也对当地经济的可持续发展、地下水环境的改善、水资源的总体规划等有着极其重要的理论和现实意义。本文依托中国地质调查局项目“伊舒盆地水文地质调查项目”(1212011089024),针对伊舒盆地第四系地下水环境在自然与人类活动双因素影响下的地下水动力场和地下水水化学场演化规律及演化模式展开专题研究。通过野外调查试验和室内数据分析研究相结合,以水文地质学、地质统计学和数理统计学等多学科理论为指导,应用Map GIS空间分析等技术方法和手段,揭示伊舒盆地地下水环境的演化特征和规律,并在此基础上对研究区地下水环境演化模式进行综合分析。主要研究成果如下:1.地下水动力场时空演化特征(1)地下水位演化特征。基于野外水文地质调查以及长期地下水水位动态监测资料,绘制了地下水位埋深动态曲线、水位埋深时空分区图以及水位变化幅度时空分区图,结果表明:研究区地下水位随时间变化总体呈现持续下降的趋势,潜水和承压水埋深变幅差异较大,其中桦皮厂-孤店子以及莫里青乡—伊通县一带井灌区水位埋深变幅较大,超过6m。1980~1997年水位下降幅度相对较大,1997~2014年地下水位变化幅度变小,局部地区出现水位回升。潜水水位埋深时空变化受气候变化影响更为显著,承压水水位埋深时空变化受人工开采影响较为显著。(2)地下水量演化特征。运用水量均衡法对研究区地下水资源量的计算和分析结果表明:地下水资源量随时间的变化趋势与降水同步,多年平均地下水资源量为41419.68×104m3/a,其中大气降水入渗补给量占总资源量的80%;各流域地下水资源模数的排列顺序为东辽河流域伊通河流域饮马河流域拉林河流域松花江干流流域。研究区地下水资源量演化主要受气候变化影响。(3)地下水循环条件演化特征。通过对地下水循环条件的演化分析得出,天然条件下,地下水主要补给来源为大气降水,排泄方式以河流和蒸发为主;随着人工开采地下水加剧,人工开采成为主要的排泄方式。2.地下水化学场时空演化特征(1)地下水化学类型演化特征。采用舒卡列夫分类方法绘制了地下水化学类型时空分布图,结果表明:1980~1990年代主要为HCO3-Ca型水,基本符合天然水化学场的分布特征;2000年代受到人类活动强烈干扰,类型分布表现为复杂化,且潜水的水化学类型比承压水更加复杂多样。(2)地下水化学组分演化特征。根据地下水水质动态监测数据绘制了矿化度、总硬度和硝酸盐年际动态变化曲线以及各年代时空分布图,结果表明:矿化度、总硬度和NO3--N从1984~2014年变化波动性较大,整体呈逐渐增高的趋势变化,但总体在地下水质量Ⅲ类标准范围内,其中个别地区潜水中NO3--N有超标现象。(3)地下水质量演化特征。采用免疫进化算法优化的地下水水质评价公式,计算得出地下水水质综合污染指数WQI值,并分别绘制各年代的水质时空分布图,结果表明:研究区地下水水质从1980~2000年代,地下水质整体优于Ⅲ类水,仅有个别区域出现Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水,且承压水水质稍微优于潜水水质。3.地下水环境演化模式(1)依据研究区地下水环境演化规律的研究,提出了地下水环境演化模式的定义,并根据自然因素和人类活动的影响程度的不同,将地下水环境演化模式分为5种:(1)自然因素主导的演化模式—模式Ⅰ;(2)自然为主、人类为辅的演化模式—模式Ⅱ;(3)自然、人类作用相同的演化模式—模式Ⅲ;(4)人类为主、自然为辅的演化模式—模式Ⅳ;(5)人类活动主导的演化模式—模式Ⅴ。地下水环境演化模式的提出为未来地下水的合理开发利用提供科学依据。(2)本研究区涉及五个流域,采用灰色关联法分别对气候变化和人类活动与地下水环境之间的关系进行相关性分析,在此基础上定性分析了各流域的地下水环境演化模式:1980~1989年全区基本表现出自然为主、人类为辅的演化模式Ⅱ,1990~1999年饮马河流域和东辽河流域为模式Ⅱ,其他流域表现为自然、人类作用相同的演化模式Ⅲ;2000~2014年除拉林河流域改善为演化模式Ⅱ,其他流域均为演化模式Ⅲ。(3)为了进一步定量化研究伊舒盆地地下水环境演化模式,依据建立的地下水环境演化模式评价体系,结合叠置指数法、模糊层次分析法以及Map GIS软件对研究区三个时期地下水环境演化模式进行定量的综合计算,并绘制了地下水环境演化模式时空分布图,结果表明:1980~1990年代研究区均以自然为主、人类为辅的演化模式—模式Ⅱ为主,小范围区域表现为自然、人类作用相同的演化模式Ⅲ;2000~2014年以模式Ⅱ和模式Ⅲ为主,小范围地区出现人类为主、自然为辅的演化模式Ⅳ;研究区还未出现人类活动主导的演化模式—模式Ⅴ。通过对研究区地下水环境演化模式的研究,合理规划人类活动强度,协调好人类、自然与地下水环境的关系,为地下水的可持续开发利用奠定基础。
[Abstract]:With the urbanization of China and the accelerated process of industrialization, the role of human activities in the evolution of groundwater environment is becoming stronger and stronger. Under the interference of human activities, the original groundwater environment evolution model has been destroyed, and a series of environmental hydrogeological problems have emerged, which have produced a great threat to the ecological environment and human survival. In the middle of Jilin Province, it is an important grain production base and underground water reserve base in Jilin province. In recent years, due to the unreasonable exploitation and destruction of human beings, the water level of the Yishu basin is declining and the water quality is deteriorating. The evolution of the groundwater environment is gradually changing from quantity to qualitative change and entering a new model of groundwater environment evolution. In this paper, the evolution pattern of groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin is studied, and the groundwater environment evolution model is defined, classified and analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis in this paper, for the future as an emergency water source in Changchun, Jilin and other places. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of the local economy, the improvement of the groundwater environment and the overall planning of the water resources. This paper, based on the project of the Yishu basin hydrogeological survey (1212011089024), is based on the project of the China Geological Survey, which aims at the groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin. Under the influence of the two factors of human activities, the groundwater dynamic field and the evolution pattern of groundwater chemical field are studied. Through the combination of field investigation and indoor data analysis, the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics is guided by the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics, and Map GIS space analysis and other techniques are applied. Methods and means to reveal the evolution characteristics and laws of the groundwater environment in the Yishu basin, and on this basis, the groundwater environment evolution model of the study area is synthetically analyzed. The main research results are as follows: 1. the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dynamic field (1) groundwater level evolution characteristics, based on field hydrogeological survey and long-term groundwater water With the dynamic monitoring data, the dynamic curves of the groundwater depth, the spatial and temporal zoning map of the water level and the spatial and temporal zoning of the water level change amplitude are drawn. The results show that the groundwater level in the study area tends to decrease with time, and the dive and the buried depth variation are different, among them the birch factory solitsu and Mori Qing Township The depth of water level in the well irrigated area in Yitong county is relatively large, and the level of water level is relatively larger in more than 6m.1980~1997 years. The change range of groundwater level in 1997~2014 is smaller and the water level of the local area rises. The spatial and temporal changes of the depth of the water level of the diving water level are more affected by the climate change. The time and space of the water level of the water level of the water level is influenced by the artificial mining. It is significant. (2) the characteristics of groundwater evolution. The calculation and analysis of groundwater resources in the study area by water balance method show that the variation trend of groundwater resources with time is synchronized with the precipitation, and the average groundwater resources are 41419.68 x 104m3/a for many years, and the amount of water infiltration in the atmosphere is 80% of the total resources. The sequence of water resources modulus is the Songhua River main stream basin of the LLIN River Basin of the Yitong River Basin in the Yitong River Basin of the East Liaohe River Basin. The evolution of the groundwater resources in the study area is mainly influenced by the climate change. (3) the evolution of groundwater circulation conditions. The source is atmospheric precipitation, the way of drainage is mainly River and evaporation; with the intensification of artificial exploitation of groundwater, artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of.2. groundwater chemical field (1) evolution characteristics of groundwater chemical type. The spatial and temporal distribution map of groundwater chemical type is drawn by Shug Kalev classification method. 1980~1990 age is mainly HCO3-Ca type water, which basically conforms to the distribution characteristics of natural water chemical field; in 2000s, it is strongly disturbed by human activities, and the type distribution is complex, and the hydrochemical type of the diving is more complex and diverse than the pressure water. (2) the evolution characteristics of the chemical composition of the groundwater. The mineralization degree, the total hardness and the interannual dynamic variation curve of nitrate and the spatial and temporal distribution chart of each age show that the salinity, the total hardness and NO3--N fluctuate from 1984~2014 years, and the whole trend is increasing gradually, but the total in the standard range of groundwater quality III, of which the NO3--N in a few areas has exceeded the standard. (3) the characteristics of groundwater quality evolution. Using the formula of groundwater quality evaluation optimized by immune evolutionary algorithm, the WQI value of groundwater quality comprehensive pollution index is calculated, and the water quality time and space distribution map of each age is drawn. The results show that the groundwater quality in the study area is from 1980~ in 2000s, and the groundwater quality is better than type III water in the whole. Region IV, V type water, and the water quality of confined water is slightly better than the water quality.3. groundwater environment evolution model (1), based on the study of the groundwater environment evolution law in the study area, the definition of groundwater environment evolution model is put forward, and the groundwater environment evolution model is divided into 5 according to the difference of natural factors and human activities. Species: (1) the evolution pattern dominated by natural factors - mode I; (2) natural mainly, human assisted evolution model - Model II; (3) nature, the same evolutionary model of human action - model III; (4) human dominated, natural auxiliary evolution mode - model IV; (5) human activity dominated evolution model v. Groundwater environment evolution model. It provides a scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the future. (2) five basins are involved in this study area, and the relationship between climate change and human activity and groundwater environment is analyzed by the grey correlation method. On the basis of this, the groundwater environment evolution model of each basin is qualitatively analyzed in 1980~1989 years. The region basically shows the evolution model of nature mainly and human being auxiliary, the model II in 1990~1999 and the East Liaohe River Basin, the other basins are natural and the human function is the same evolution model III; in 2000~2014, the improvement of the Lilin river basin is the evolution model II, and its basin is the evolution model III. (3) for further quantitative analysis. The groundwater environment evolution model of Yishu basin is studied. Based on the established evaluation system of groundwater environment evolution model, the groundwater environment evolution model of three periods in the three period of the study area is calculated by the combination of superposition index method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and GIS software, and the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of groundwater environment evolution model is drawn. The results show that the research areas in the 1980~1990 years are dominated by nature, with human being as the auxiliary evolution model - Model II, the small area is natural and the human action is the same evolution model III; 2000~2014 is dominated by mode II and mode III, and the small area has human dominated and natural auxiliary evolution model IV; the research area has not yet come out yet. The evolution mode dominated by human activities - model v. Through the study of the groundwater environment evolution model in the study area, it is reasonable to plan the human activity intensity, coordinate the relationship between human, natural and groundwater environment, and lay the foundation for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P467;P641
，
本文编号：2131689
[Abstract]:With the urbanization of China and the accelerated process of industrialization, the role of human activities in the evolution of groundwater environment is becoming stronger and stronger. Under the interference of human activities, the original groundwater environment evolution model has been destroyed, and a series of environmental hydrogeological problems have emerged, which have produced a great threat to the ecological environment and human survival. In the middle of Jilin Province, it is an important grain production base and underground water reserve base in Jilin province. In recent years, due to the unreasonable exploitation and destruction of human beings, the water level of the Yishu basin is declining and the water quality is deteriorating. The evolution of the groundwater environment is gradually changing from quantity to qualitative change and entering a new model of groundwater environment evolution. In this paper, the evolution pattern of groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin is studied, and the groundwater environment evolution model is defined, classified and analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis in this paper, for the future as an emergency water source in Changchun, Jilin and other places. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of the local economy, the improvement of the groundwater environment and the overall planning of the water resources. This paper, based on the project of the Yishu basin hydrogeological survey (1212011089024), is based on the project of the China Geological Survey, which aims at the groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin. Under the influence of the two factors of human activities, the groundwater dynamic field and the evolution pattern of groundwater chemical field are studied. Through the combination of field investigation and indoor data analysis, the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics is guided by the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics, and Map GIS space analysis and other techniques are applied. Methods and means to reveal the evolution characteristics and laws of the groundwater environment in the Yishu basin, and on this basis, the groundwater environment evolution model of the study area is synthetically analyzed. The main research results are as follows: 1. the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dynamic field (1) groundwater level evolution characteristics, based on field hydrogeological survey and long-term groundwater water With the dynamic monitoring data, the dynamic curves of the groundwater depth, the spatial and temporal zoning map of the water level and the spatial and temporal zoning of the water level change amplitude are drawn. The results show that the groundwater level in the study area tends to decrease with time, and the dive and the buried depth variation are different, among them the birch factory solitsu and Mori Qing Township The depth of water level in the well irrigated area in Yitong county is relatively large, and the level of water level is relatively larger in more than 6m.1980~1997 years. The change range of groundwater level in 1997~2014 is smaller and the water level of the local area rises. The spatial and temporal changes of the depth of the water level of the diving water level are more affected by the climate change. The time and space of the water level of the water level of the water level is influenced by the artificial mining. It is significant. (2) the characteristics of groundwater evolution. The calculation and analysis of groundwater resources in the study area by water balance method show that the variation trend of groundwater resources with time is synchronized with the precipitation, and the average groundwater resources are 41419.68 x 104m3/a for many years, and the amount of water infiltration in the atmosphere is 80% of the total resources. The sequence of water resources modulus is the Songhua River main stream basin of the LLIN River Basin of the Yitong River Basin in the Yitong River Basin of the East Liaohe River Basin. The evolution of the groundwater resources in the study area is mainly influenced by the climate change. (3) the evolution of groundwater circulation conditions. The source is atmospheric precipitation, the way of drainage is mainly River and evaporation; with the intensification of artificial exploitation of groundwater, artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of.2. groundwater chemical field (1) evolution characteristics of groundwater chemical type. The spatial and temporal distribution map of groundwater chemical type is drawn by Shug Kalev classification method. 1980~1990 age is mainly HCO3-Ca type water, which basically conforms to the distribution characteristics of natural water chemical field; in 2000s, it is strongly disturbed by human activities, and the type distribution is complex, and the hydrochemical type of the diving is more complex and diverse than the pressure water. (2) the evolution characteristics of the chemical composition of the groundwater. The mineralization degree, the total hardness and the interannual dynamic variation curve of nitrate and the spatial and temporal distribution chart of each age show that the salinity, the total hardness and NO3--N fluctuate from 1984~2014 years, and the whole trend is increasing gradually, but the total in the standard range of groundwater quality III, of which the NO3--N in a few areas has exceeded the standard. (3) the characteristics of groundwater quality evolution. Using the formula of groundwater quality evaluation optimized by immune evolutionary algorithm, the WQI value of groundwater quality comprehensive pollution index is calculated, and the water quality time and space distribution map of each age is drawn. The results show that the groundwater quality in the study area is from 1980~ in 2000s, and the groundwater quality is better than type III water in the whole. Region IV, V type water, and the water quality of confined water is slightly better than the water quality.3. groundwater environment evolution model (1), based on the study of the groundwater environment evolution law in the study area, the definition of groundwater environment evolution model is put forward, and the groundwater environment evolution model is divided into 5 according to the difference of natural factors and human activities. Species: (1) the evolution pattern dominated by natural factors - mode I; (2) natural mainly, human assisted evolution model - Model II; (3) nature, the same evolutionary model of human action - model III; (4) human dominated, natural auxiliary evolution mode - model IV; (5) human activity dominated evolution model v. Groundwater environment evolution model. It provides a scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the future. (2) five basins are involved in this study area, and the relationship between climate change and human activity and groundwater environment is analyzed by the grey correlation method. On the basis of this, the groundwater environment evolution model of each basin is qualitatively analyzed in 1980~1989 years. The region basically shows the evolution model of nature mainly and human being auxiliary, the model II in 1990~1999 and the East Liaohe River Basin, the other basins are natural and the human function is the same evolution model III; in 2000~2014, the improvement of the Lilin river basin is the evolution model II, and its basin is the evolution model III. (3) for further quantitative analysis. The groundwater environment evolution model of Yishu basin is studied. Based on the established evaluation system of groundwater environment evolution model, the groundwater environment evolution model of three periods in the three period of the study area is calculated by the combination of superposition index method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and GIS software, and the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of groundwater environment evolution model is drawn. The results show that the research areas in the 1980~1990 years are dominated by nature, with human being as the auxiliary evolution model - Model II, the small area is natural and the human action is the same evolution model III; 2000~2014 is dominated by mode II and mode III, and the small area has human dominated and natural auxiliary evolution model IV; the research area has not yet come out yet. The evolution mode dominated by human activities - model v. Through the study of the groundwater environment evolution model in the study area, it is reasonable to plan the human activity intensity, coordinate the relationship between human, natural and groundwater environment, and lay the foundation for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P467;P641
，
本文编号：2131689
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