Lysinibacillus sp. GW-2和Arthrobacter sp. MF-2诱导碳酸盐矿物的形成及机理
发布时间：2018-07-20 20:44
【摘要】：微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀机理的研究有可能为CO2的矿物捕获提供科学依据。同时,该领域的研究还有可能为寻找地外生命提供重要的线索,也可能在治理被重金属污染的水体和土壤方面发挥重要的作用。近年来,微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的功能在对纪念碑等观赏性石质材料的风化表面进行环境友好的修复方面展现了越来越美好的前景。目前,微生物成因碳酸盐矿物方面的研究成果已有很多,但仍有许多关键问题不甚清楚,例如,矿物的成核模板问题和矿物形态的控制因素问题等等。为了更好地阐明细菌作用下碳酸盐矿物的形成机理,本文利用赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株和节杆菌MF-2菌株分别进行了一系列的碳酸盐矿化实验(培养基中不添加碳酸根离子),同时完成了一系列的无菌对照实验。在实验过程中,对培养液的pH值、电导率及其中细菌数量、胞外多糖、低分子量有机酸、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度、碳酸酐酶等进行了动态监测。利用扫描电子显微镜对矿物形态进行了跟踪观察,利用X-射线衍射仪对矿物成分进行了测定。主要研究结果如下:(1)赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株和节杆菌MF-2菌株均具有促进碳酸盐矿物形成的能力。它们可以利用空气中的CO2或者细菌呼吸作用产生的CO2形成碳酸盐矿物。(2)在GW-2和MF-2菌株作用下形成的矿物种类和形态均有差异。随着培养时间的延长,GW-2菌株诱导形成的矿物种类演化方向为:非晶态碳酸钙(ACC)→碳钙镁石→高镁方解石,矿物形态主要为哑铃形、花菜形、球状、半球状、板状和不规则状:MF-2菌株诱导形成的初始矿物为ACC,后来逐渐转化为高镁方解石,它们的形态主要为球状、板状和不规则状。(3)在GW-2菌株作用下,碳钙镁石可能主要是ACC经过老化作用而形成,而碳钙镁石经过脱镁作用形成高镁方解石;在MF-2菌株作用下,镁方解石可能是由ACC直接转化而来。(4)电导率、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度与沉淀物质量均呈极显著的负相关关系。GW-2菌株作用下相关系数r分别为0.89、0.93和0.98(P0.001)。MF-2菌株作用下r分别为0.86、0.89和0.92(P0.001)。电导率、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的明显降低有可能用来指示碳酸盐矿物沉淀的发生。(5)pH值的升高为碳酸盐沉淀提供了必要的物理化学环境,它与沉淀物质量之间具有显著的正相关关系。在GW-2菌株作用下,r=0.79,P0.05;在MF-2菌株作用下,r=0.95,P＜0.05。(6)各时间段平均沉淀速率与细菌数量和胞外多糖之间均具有显著的正相关关系。在GW-2菌株作用下,r分别为0.67和0.62(P0.05);在MF-2菌株作用下,r分别为0.64和0.61(P0.05)。这些结果说明,细菌细胞和胞外多糖可能通过模板作用影响碳酸盐的沉淀过程。上述研究结果有助于增进对细菌作用下碳酸盐矿物形成过程的了解,并为进一步阐明其机理提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:The mechanism of microorganism induced carbonate mineral precipitation may provide scientific basis for CO 2 mineral capture. At the same time, the research in this field may provide important clues for searching for extraterrestrial life, and may also play an important role in the treatment of water and soil contaminated by heavy metals. In recent years, the function of microbial induced carbonate mineral formation has shown more and more bright prospects for the environmentally friendly restoration of weathered surfaces of ornamental stone materials such as monuments. At present, there have been a lot of researches on microbial carbonate minerals, but there are still many key problems, such as the nucleation template of minerals and the controlling factors of mineral morphology, etc. In order to better elucidate the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria, In this paper, a series of carbonate mineralization experiments were carried out by Bacillus lysine GW-2 strain and Arthrobacter aureus MF-2 strain respectively, and a series of aseptic control experiments were carried out at the same time. In the course of the experiment, the pH value, electric conductivity, bacterial quantity, exopolysaccharide, concentration of Ca 2 and mg 2 of low molecular weight organic acid, carbonic anhydrase and so on were dynamically monitored. The mineral morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mineral composition was determined by X ray diffractometer. The main results are as follows: (1) both Lysine Bacillus GW-2 and Arthrobacter MF-2 have the ability to promote the formation of carbonate minerals. They can form carbonate minerals by using CO2 in air or CO2 produced by bacterial respiration. (2) the species and morphology of minerals formed under the action of GW-2 and MF-2 are different. With the extension of culture time, the evolution direction of the minerals induced by GW-2 strain was as follows: amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) carburite and high magnesium calcite, the mineral forms were dumbbell, cauliflower, globular, hemispherical, and the mineral morphology was mainly dumbbell, cauliflower, globular and hemispherical. The initial mineral induced by plate-shaped and irregular MF-2 strain was ACCand then transformed into high-magnesium calcite, which was mainly spherical, plate-shaped and irregular. (3) under the action of GW-2 strain, Carbamite may have been formed mainly by ACC aging, while carbocalite was demagnetized to form high magnesium calcite under the action of MF-2 strain. Magnesium calcite may be transformed directly by ACC. (4) the correlation coefficients of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentrations in conductivity and sediment mass were significantly negative correlation. The correlation coefficient r of GW-2 strain was 0.890.93 and 0.98 (P0.001) .MF-2, respectively. R was 0.860.89 and 0.92 (P0.001), respectively. The obvious decrease of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentration in conductivity may be used to indicate the occurrence of carbonate mineral precipitation. (5) the increase of pH provides the necessary physical and chemical environment for carbonate precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with the mass of precipitate. Under the action of GW-2 and MF-2, there was a significant positive correlation between the average precipitation rate and the number of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides. Under the action of GW-2, it was 0.67 and 0.62 (P0.05), and 0.64 and 0.61 under MF-2 (P0.05), respectively. These results suggest that bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharides may affect the precipitation process of carbonate by template action. The above results are helpful to improve the understanding of the formation process of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria and provide scientific basis for further elucidation of its mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P57;Q93
本文编号：2134719
[Abstract]:The mechanism of microorganism induced carbonate mineral precipitation may provide scientific basis for CO 2 mineral capture. At the same time, the research in this field may provide important clues for searching for extraterrestrial life, and may also play an important role in the treatment of water and soil contaminated by heavy metals. In recent years, the function of microbial induced carbonate mineral formation has shown more and more bright prospects for the environmentally friendly restoration of weathered surfaces of ornamental stone materials such as monuments. At present, there have been a lot of researches on microbial carbonate minerals, but there are still many key problems, such as the nucleation template of minerals and the controlling factors of mineral morphology, etc. In order to better elucidate the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria, In this paper, a series of carbonate mineralization experiments were carried out by Bacillus lysine GW-2 strain and Arthrobacter aureus MF-2 strain respectively, and a series of aseptic control experiments were carried out at the same time. In the course of the experiment, the pH value, electric conductivity, bacterial quantity, exopolysaccharide, concentration of Ca 2 and mg 2 of low molecular weight organic acid, carbonic anhydrase and so on were dynamically monitored. The mineral morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mineral composition was determined by X ray diffractometer. The main results are as follows: (1) both Lysine Bacillus GW-2 and Arthrobacter MF-2 have the ability to promote the formation of carbonate minerals. They can form carbonate minerals by using CO2 in air or CO2 produced by bacterial respiration. (2) the species and morphology of minerals formed under the action of GW-2 and MF-2 are different. With the extension of culture time, the evolution direction of the minerals induced by GW-2 strain was as follows: amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) carburite and high magnesium calcite, the mineral forms were dumbbell, cauliflower, globular, hemispherical, and the mineral morphology was mainly dumbbell, cauliflower, globular and hemispherical. The initial mineral induced by plate-shaped and irregular MF-2 strain was ACCand then transformed into high-magnesium calcite, which was mainly spherical, plate-shaped and irregular. (3) under the action of GW-2 strain, Carbamite may have been formed mainly by ACC aging, while carbocalite was demagnetized to form high magnesium calcite under the action of MF-2 strain. Magnesium calcite may be transformed directly by ACC. (4) the correlation coefficients of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentrations in conductivity and sediment mass were significantly negative correlation. The correlation coefficient r of GW-2 strain was 0.890.93 and 0.98 (P0.001) .MF-2, respectively. R was 0.860.89 and 0.92 (P0.001), respectively. The obvious decrease of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentration in conductivity may be used to indicate the occurrence of carbonate mineral precipitation. (5) the increase of pH provides the necessary physical and chemical environment for carbonate precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with the mass of precipitate. Under the action of GW-2 and MF-2, there was a significant positive correlation between the average precipitation rate and the number of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides. Under the action of GW-2, it was 0.67 and 0.62 (P0.05), and 0.64 and 0.61 under MF-2 (P0.05), respectively. These results suggest that bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharides may affect the precipitation process of carbonate by template action. The above results are helpful to improve the understanding of the formation process of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria and provide scientific basis for further elucidation of its mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P57;Q93
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