塔北奥陶系古岩溶与断裂的耦合关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 13:01

【摘要】：塔里木盆地塔北地区奥陶系广泛发育缝洞型岩溶储层,储集空间复杂多样,横向上发育规模及分布规律差异较大,位于塔北地区的哈拉哈塘油田、英买力油田奥陶系缝洞型油藏已投入开发。大量的发育走滑断裂与岩溶在发育期次上穿插耦合使得塔北地区奥陶系缝洞型储层随机性和复杂性大大增加,在油藏的开发中产生了较多的矛盾,其中断裂与岩溶的耦合关系是亟待解决的一个难点。本文以现代岩溶和古岩溶露头为指导,综合利用岩心、钻测井资料、高精度地震资料识别缝洞型储层及断裂,细分缝洞型储层成因类型,研究断裂的期次、级次、组合特征,明确塔北地区典型区块的古岩溶与断裂的耦合关系。通过对取心段完整的岩心及成像测井资料的观察分析,结合钻井、生产资料的辅助,揭示了塔北地区不同区块储集空间类型,哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系储层类型有洞穴型、裂缝孔洞型和孔洞型,英买力油田主要以裂缝孔洞型为主。应用蚂蚁体等方法解释与识别典型区块的断裂,塔北地区断裂以走滑断裂为主,不同期次、级次与组合样式的走滑断裂对岩溶作用及油气成藏的过程控制明显。通过现代岩溶和古岩溶露头的调查,根据成因类型及规模、形态将缝洞型储层细分为暗河管道厅堂洞穴、断裂明河双控洞穴、断控洞穴三种,根据裂缝期次将裂缝孔洞型储层细分为早期裂缝孔洞型储层和微裂缝孔洞型储层两种。岩溶发育期次与断裂发育期次研究表明,不同期次断裂在岩溶发育的整个过程中均有明显的控制作用。在岩溶发育初期及发育过程中,断裂主要控制了大气淡水岩溶作用的发生,岩溶发育末期,英买力油田断裂为热液提供了运移通道,热液沿断裂上涌,对前期缝洞型储层进行一定程度的改造;相比于热液的溶蚀作用,在英买力油田海西晚期热液重结晶和交代作用对前期缝洞型储层体现出了更多的破坏性作用。通过对多类多尺度资料的综合应用,以相应的构造运动背景和岩溶发育背景为约束,揭示了暗河管道厅堂洞穴、断裂明河双控洞穴、断控洞穴、早期裂缝孔洞型储层、微裂缝孔洞型储层各自的主控因素及发育模式,建立了哈拉哈塘油田内幕区和英买力油田英买1、2井区等典型区块的岩溶发育模式,其中哈拉哈塘油田内幕区包括断裂泄水顺层岩溶模式和断裂泄水层间岩溶模式,英买力油田则主要是在断控岩溶发育基础上的断控埋藏热液岩溶模式。不同的岩溶发育模式能够较好的解释该区随机性极强的缝洞型储层发育规律及形态。
[Abstract]:The Ordovician fracture-cavernous karst reservoirs are widely developed in the Tarim Basin. The reservoir space is complex and diverse, and the horizontal development scale and distribution are quite different. The Ordovician reservoir is located in the Hala Hattang Oilfield in the north of Tarim Basin. The Ordovician fracture-cave reservoir in Yingmaali Oilfield has been developed. The coupling of a large number of developed strike-slip faults and karst in the development stage greatly increases the randomness and complexity of the Ordovician fracture-cavernous reservoirs in the northern part of Tarim Basin, resulting in more contradictions in the development of the reservoirs. The coupling relationship between fault and karst is a difficult problem to be solved. Under the guidance of modern karst and paleokarst outcrop, this paper synthetically uses core, drilling logging data, high-precision seismic data to identify fracture-cavity reservoirs and faults, subdivide the genetic types of fracture-cavernous reservoirs, and study the stages, stages and assemblage characteristics of faults. The coupling relationship between paleokarst and faults in typical blocks in northern Tarim Basin is clarified. Through the observation and analysis of the complete core and imaging logging data of the coring section, combined with the assistance of drilling and production data, the types of reservoir space in different blocks in the north of Tarim Basin are revealed, and the types of Ordovician reservoirs in Hala Hattang Oilfield are of cave type. Fracture hole type and hole type, Yingmaali oil field is mainly fracture hole type. The method of ant body is used to explain and identify the faults in typical blocks. The faults in the north of Tarim Basin are mainly strike-slip faults with different stages. The strike-slip faults of order and combination style control the karstification and the process of oil and gas accumulation obviously. Through the investigation of outcrop of modern karst and palaeokarst, according to the genetic type and scale, the fracture-cavernous reservoir is subdivided into three types: underground river pipeline hall cave, faulted Ming River double-controlled cave, and fault-controlled cave. According to the fracturing stage, the fractured porosity reservoir is subdivided into two types: the early fracture porosity reservoir and the microfracture pore type reservoir. The study on the times of karst development and fault development shows that the faults of different periods have obvious controlling effect in the whole process of karst development. In the early stage of karst development and during its development, faults mainly controlled the occurrence of atmospheric freshwater karstification. In the latter stage of karst development, the fault of Yingmaali Oilfield provided a migration channel for hydrothermal fluid, and the hydrothermal fluid upwelled along the fault. Compared with the dissolution of hydrothermal solution, the hydrothermal recrystallization and metasomatism in the late Hercynian period of Yingmaali Oilfield have more destructive effects on the early fracture-cavity reservoirs. Through the comprehensive application of multi-type and multi-scale data, and taking the corresponding tectonic movement background and karst development background as constraints, this paper reveals the underground river pipeline hall cave, the faulted Minghe double-controlled cave, the broken controlled cave and the early fractured pore type reservoir. The main controlling factors and development models of micro-fracture porosity reservoirs are respectively established, and the karst development models of typical blocks such as the inside area of Hara Hattang Oilfield and Yingmai 1zao 2 well area of Yingmai Oilfield are established. The inside area of Hala Hattang oil field includes the karst model of fault drainage and interlayer karst, while Yingmaali oil field is mainly based on the development of fault-controlled karst buried hydrothermal karst model. Different karst development models can better explain the development law and shape of the highly random fracture-cavity reservoir in this area.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P618.13

【参考文献】