基于多元素数据融合的化探异常评判
发布时间：2018-08-16 15:50
【摘要】：勘查地球化学作为一种效率高、效果显著的找矿方法,近年来有了长足的发展,已应用于地质工作的各个阶段,并成为一种不可或缺的方法手段。它具有工作成本低、测量控制面积大、发现地球化学异常多的特点,能够圈定成矿远景地段、缩小找矿靶区。勘查地球化学的关键在于“异常评判”。传统的异常评判,通常都是对单一元素采用简单数理统计方法(单元素计算法)进行,或者依赖于人为经验判断,形成单元素异常图和将不同元素异常添加到一起的综合异常图,用于指导找矿。二十世纪以来,随着地质工作的深入,浅部富矿产资源开采殆尽,现阶段易识别矿和地表露头矿越来越少,地质找矿难度急剧增大。今后的方向只能是低品位资源和深部隐伏矿,以往筛选“高、大、全”化探异常的找矿模式概率很小,这对化探工作及异常评判提出了更高的要求。另一方面计算机技术的发展,尤其是地理信息系统(GIS)等软件的广泛应用,提高了化探的数据处理的效率,将数据输入电脑可以直接制成化探的成果图件—单元素异常等值线图。而在实际工作中这种高效的电脑圈定的异常,要么使异常大片出现失去了指示性,要么漫天撒豆毫无规律可循,难以达到指导地质工作的目的,也给异常的检查验证提出了难题。虽然近年基于“地质—矿产—物探—化探—遥感的多元地学信息集成技术”有了很大的发展和应用,基于不同化探方法“模块组合”找矿也取得了一定效果,但是对于多元之一的化探基础数据的融合处理研究较少。本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿尔善等四幅1:50000区域矿产地质调查区作为研究对象,在充分搜集以往地质、化探资料的基础上,开展1:50000土壤地球化学测量1387km2,采集样品8316件,分析元素116424个。通过正态分布检验、数据均匀化和R型聚类分析对各元素进行统计分析,综合分析各元素的区别与联系,建立了“证据加权”多元素数据融合的异常分析模型。文中以研究区Cu元素为例,将Pb、As、Ag、Au、Hg作为辅助元素进行数据融合,以达到快速、准确评判异常的目的。研究主要从二个方面入手对化探数据进行处理:一方面,根据元素相关性将异常进行融合处理,以增强信号强度,达到信息的互补,弥补单一元素反映信息不足的问题;另一方面,根据融合后数据重新进行数理统计,提高异常下限去除冗余信息,降低干扰因素的影响。融合后的异常具有很好的再现性,并且能够更加精确定位,指示矿化体的方向。以此对化探异常进行综合评判,达到了较好效果。基于多元素数据融合的化探异常评判符合多元信息集成的发展需求,也顺应“一张图”管理和“大地质、大数据”时代的发展。
[Abstract]:Exploration geochemistry, as an efficient and effective prospecting method, has made great progress in recent years. It has been applied to various stages of geological work and has become an indispensable method. It has the characteristics of low work cost, large survey control area and many geochemical anomalies. It can delineate the metallogenic potential area and narrow down the prospecting target area. The key of exploration geochemistry lies in "anomaly judgment". The traditional anomaly judgment is usually based on simple mathematical statistical method (single element calculation method) for a single element, or depends on human experience judgment. The formation of single element anomaly map and the addition of different element anomalies together are used to guide prospecting. Since the 20th century, with the deepening of geological work, shallow rich mineral resources have been exhausted. At this stage, it is easy to identify mines and surface outcrop mines more and less, and geological prospecting is becoming more and more difficult. In the future, the direction can only be low grade resources and deep hidden deposits. In the past, the probability of prospecting mode of "high, large and full" geochemical exploration anomalies is very small, which puts forward higher requirements for geochemical exploration work and anomaly evaluation. On the other hand, with the development of computer technology, especially the wide application of (GIS) and other software, the data processing efficiency of geochemical exploration can be improved. In the actual work, such highly efficient computer delineation anomalies either make the abnormal large areas appear without indication, or that there are no rules to be followed throughout the sky, so it is difficult to achieve the purpose of guiding geological work. It also presents a difficult problem for checking and verifying exceptions. Although there has been great development and application in recent years in the integration technology of multiple geosciences based on "geology, mineral resources, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing", the "modular combination" prospecting based on different geochemical exploration methods has also achieved certain results. However, there is little research on fusion of geochemical data. In this paper, taking the 1: 50000 regional mineral geological survey area of Alshan and other four regions of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia as the research object, on the basis of collecting the past geological and geochemical data, 1: 50000 soil geochemical survey 1387km2, 8316 samples were collected. Analysis element 116424. Through normal distribution test, data homogenization and R-type clustering analysis, the statistical analysis of each element is carried out, and the difference and relation of each element are analyzed synthetically, and the abnormal analysis model of "evidence-weighted" multi-element data fusion is established. In this paper, taking Cu element in the study area as an example, the data fusion is carried out by using PbASA-Ag-Ag-Au-Hg as the auxiliary element, in order to quickly and accurately judge the anomaly. The study mainly deals with geochemical data from two aspects: on the one hand, the anomaly is fused according to the correlation of elements to enhance the signal intensity, to achieve the complementary information, and to make up for the lack of information reflected by single element; On the other hand, according to the fusion data, the mathematical statistics are reconducted to improve the lower limit of anomaly to remove redundant information and reduce the influence of interference factors. The fusion anomaly has good reproducibility and can be more accurately located to indicate the direction of the mineralized body. In this way, the geochemical anomalies are comprehensively evaluated and good results are achieved. The geochemical anomaly evaluation based on multi-element data fusion accords with the development demand of multivariate information integration, as well as the development of "one map" management and "big geology, big data" era.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P632
[Abstract]:Exploration geochemistry, as an efficient and effective prospecting method, has made great progress in recent years. It has been applied to various stages of geological work and has become an indispensable method. It has the characteristics of low work cost, large survey control area and many geochemical anomalies. It can delineate the metallogenic potential area and narrow down the prospecting target area. The key of exploration geochemistry lies in "anomaly judgment". The traditional anomaly judgment is usually based on simple mathematical statistical method (single element calculation method) for a single element, or depends on human experience judgment. The formation of single element anomaly map and the addition of different element anomalies together are used to guide prospecting. Since the 20th century, with the deepening of geological work, shallow rich mineral resources have been exhausted. At this stage, it is easy to identify mines and surface outcrop mines more and less, and geological prospecting is becoming more and more difficult. In the future, the direction can only be low grade resources and deep hidden deposits. In the past, the probability of prospecting mode of "high, large and full" geochemical exploration anomalies is very small, which puts forward higher requirements for geochemical exploration work and anomaly evaluation. On the other hand, with the development of computer technology, especially the wide application of (GIS) and other software, the data processing efficiency of geochemical exploration can be improved. In the actual work, such highly efficient computer delineation anomalies either make the abnormal large areas appear without indication, or that there are no rules to be followed throughout the sky, so it is difficult to achieve the purpose of guiding geological work. It also presents a difficult problem for checking and verifying exceptions. Although there has been great development and application in recent years in the integration technology of multiple geosciences based on "geology, mineral resources, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing", the "modular combination" prospecting based on different geochemical exploration methods has also achieved certain results. However, there is little research on fusion of geochemical data. In this paper, taking the 1: 50000 regional mineral geological survey area of Alshan and other four regions of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia as the research object, on the basis of collecting the past geological and geochemical data, 1: 50000 soil geochemical survey 1387km2, 8316 samples were collected. Analysis element 116424. Through normal distribution test, data homogenization and R-type clustering analysis, the statistical analysis of each element is carried out, and the difference and relation of each element are analyzed synthetically, and the abnormal analysis model of "evidence-weighted" multi-element data fusion is established. In this paper, taking Cu element in the study area as an example, the data fusion is carried out by using PbASA-Ag-Ag-Au-Hg as the auxiliary element, in order to quickly and accurately judge the anomaly. The study mainly deals with geochemical data from two aspects: on the one hand, the anomaly is fused according to the correlation of elements to enhance the signal intensity, to achieve the complementary information, and to make up for the lack of information reflected by single element; On the other hand, according to the fusion data, the mathematical statistics are reconducted to improve the lower limit of anomaly to remove redundant information and reduce the influence of interference factors. The fusion anomaly has good reproducibility and can be more accurately located to indicate the direction of the mineralized body. In this way, the geochemical anomalies are comprehensively evaluated and good results are achieved. The geochemical anomaly evaluation based on multi-element data fusion accords with the development demand of multivariate information integration, as well as the development of "one map" management and "big geology, big data" era.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P632
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