地质深孔电动顶驱钻进系统的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-08-21 13:04

【摘要】：钻进系统的工作特性决定着钻探作业的效率、安全、取心质量和经济效益。近年来,随着固体矿产资源勘探朝着深孔发展,常规的立轴式、动力头式、转盘式以及立轴转盘一体式的钻进系统均难以适应深部地质钻探取心作业的要求,在钻进能力、施工效率、风险控制、工艺适应性等方面均存在一定的局限性。本文以满足大口径深孔绳索取心工艺为目标,设计了地质深孔电动顶驱钻进系统,采用理论分析、计算机仿真和试验研究相结合的方法,对其工作特性进行系统、深入的分析和优化研究,得到了一些有价值的研究成果。根据管柱力学、摩擦学和流体力学的相关理论,针对绳索取心钻进环状间隙比较小的特点,建立了钻柱与孔壁之间的摩擦扭矩模型、钻具提升阻力模型和冲洗液循环压力模型。对钻进过程中各个阶段的力学模型进行了分析,为后续大口径深孔绳索取心作业过程中的提升、进给、旋转等动作的驱动与控制提供了参考依据。根据地质深孔钻进和取心工艺需要,在吸收石油钻井系统全面钻进工艺优点,对比分析立轴式、动力头式、转盘式和顶驱式等各种岩心钻机驱动型式特点的基础上,确定了新型地质深孔钻机采用了变频直驱顶驱系统(Direct-Drive)、主电机升降与小电机送钻一体化绞车系统的总体钻进系统技术方案。依据钻进系统整体技术方案,利用虚拟样机理论,设计了变频直驱顶驱系统的主轴、导轨、背钳承载组件、吊卡、卡盘和自动送钻及控制系统等关键部件。利用多体动力学基本理论,建立了重点承载单元的力学模型。采用CREO软件对升降与送钻系统一体化绞车的主轴、卷筒进行了动力传扭与制动传扭两种工况下的有限元分析,确定了其设计和校核的基本依据。利用ADAMS软件对顶驱与导轨耦合作用模型、顶驱摆管机构动作过程、游车提升系统力学模型进行了仿真分析。在此基础上,通过构建标准化、模块化和多样化的虚拟样机系统完成了顶驱钻进系统整机的优化设计。针对大口径的薄壁绳索取心钻杆,创新设计了爬坡式顶驱背钳、新型液压吊卡和地质深孔用自动卡盘等辅助操作设备,解决了钻进系统高位自动拧卸的难题,实现了外平绳索钻杆的有效夹持、安全提吊及自动操作。通过加载方式、通径、侧开口形式、操作方式等优化,提高了多直径规格绳索取心钻杆操作的适应性,通过动作试验提高了顶驱钻进系统辅助作业的效率、可靠性和安全性。制造出了XD35DB型顶驱钻进系统的实物样机,结合2818m深度P口径(φ122钻头)绳索取心钻探项目(CUSD-1号孔)的实施,对所设计研制的新型电动顶驱系统和大口径深孔绳索取心工艺进行实践验证。通过试验初步验证,该型钻进系统在能力、能耗、效率、智能化作业、操控等方面突破了传统地质钻进系统功能的局限性,体现出强大的钻井能力与金刚石取心钻探工艺适用性相融合的功能性,尤其在深孔预防孔内事故、防斜保垂、扭矩监控保护钻机具等方面具备优势。本文研究为新型地质钻探变频顶驱及其辅助操作系统的进一步研究和推广应用奠定了良好的基础。
[Abstract]:The working characteristics of the drilling system determine the efficiency, safety, core quality and economic benefits of drilling operations. In recent years, with the development of solid mineral resources exploration towards deep holes, the conventional vertical axis, power head, rotary table and vertical axis rotary table integrated drilling systems are difficult to meet the requirements of deep geological drilling core operations, drilling in. There are some limitations in capability, construction efficiency, risk control and process adaptability. In this paper, a geological deep hole electric top drive drilling system is designed to meet the requirements of large diameter deep hole wire-line coring technology. According to the theory of string mechanics, tribology and fluid mechanics, the friction torque model between drill string and borehole wall, the friction resistance model between drill string and borehole wall, and the circulation pressure model of flushing fluid are established. The mechanical model of each stage is analyzed, which provides a reference for the driving and controlling of hoisting, feeding and rotating in the following large-bore deep-hole wire-line coring operation. On the basis of the driving characteristics of various core drilling rigs, such as type I, rotary table type and top drive type, it is determined that the new type of geological deep hole drilling rig adopts the overall drilling system scheme of frequency conversion direct-drive winch system, main motor lifting and small motor feeding integrated winch system. Based on mechanism theory, the main shaft, guide rail, back clamp bearing assembly, crane, chuck, automatic drilling and control system of the variable frequency direct drive roof drive system are designed. Based on the finite element analysis of force-transfer and brake-transfer, the basic basis of design and checking is determined. The coupling model of top drive and guide rail, the action process of top drive swing mechanism and the mechanical model of cruise hoisting system are simulated and analyzed by ADAMS software. Aiming at the large diameter thin-walled wire-rope coring drill pipe, the slope climbing back clamp, the new hydraulic lifting clip and the automatic chuck used in the geological deep hole are innovatively designed. The problem of automatic screwing and unloading of the high position in the drilling system is solved, and the horizontal wire-rope drill pipe is realized. Effective clamping, safe lifting and automatic operation. By optimizing loading mode, diameter, side opening form and operation mode, the adaptability of multi-diameter wire-line coring drill pipe operation is improved. The efficiency, reliability and safety of auxiliary operation of top drive drilling system are improved through action test. XD35DB top drive drilling system is manufactured. The prototype, combined with the implementation of the 2818m deep P-bore coring project (hole CUSD-1), is used to verify the new electric top drive system and the large-bore deep-bore coring technology. It breaks through the limitation of the traditional geological drilling system and embodies the integration of powerful drilling ability and the applicability of diamond core drilling technology, especially in the prevention of accidents in deep holes, inclination and sag protection, torque monitoring and protection of drilling tools and other aspects. This paper studies a new type of geological drilling variable frequency top drive and its auxiliary operation. The system has laid a good foundation for further research and application.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634.5

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