基于LBM的钻机井架流场模拟与动态响应仿真分析
发布时间：2018-10-26 13:11
【摘要】：高耸的井架结构是钻机必不可少的承载构件，其不仅在起升、下钻等不同工况下承受各种常规载荷，同时也受到具有随机性与空间相关性的风载荷作用。而井架结构对风载荷尤为敏感，因风振导致井架结构失稳破坏的事故时有发生。 迄今对于井架结构的风振响应研究较多，然而对于井架与风载荷间存在的耦合作用则研究较少。因此，在对井架结构进行常规力学分析的情况下，对井架流场进行数值模拟并考虑流固耦合效应时井架的风振响应，不仅在全面客观地了解井架静动态特性及可靠性方面具有一定工程实践意义，并且为井架结构设计提供了一种可供参考的理论设计方法。基于此，本文研究的主要内容包括： 首先，对井架结构进行相应简化并建立了有限元模型，结合钻机作业实际情况，初步计算了等效静载下钻机恒定载荷、大钩荷载、工作绳作用力、立根荷载、风载荷，并建立了钻机典型的9种工况组合，并分别对9种工况下井架结构进行了有限元静力学分析，得到了不同工况下井架的应力和位移情况，初步判断了井架的可靠性。 其次，在简要介绍了格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)的原理及步骤后，通过圆柱绕流案例验证了采用该方法对流体进行数值模拟及所选边界条件的合理性。并且对井架结构中广泛采用的工字型截面梁以及矩形截面梁的二维流场进行了数值模拟，得到了两者不同时刻剖平面上流体的速度、涡量和压强分布情况，对于井架局部流场运动情况有了更细致了解。 随后，采用LBM方法建立了井架的虚拟风洞，模拟了井架在飓风工况下正面和侧面吹风时，流场的运动分布情况以及井架结构与流场耦合面的压力分布。以耦合面的压力分布作为外载荷作用在井架表面，得到了单向流固耦合时井架的力学响应。 最后，结合钻机在起钻过程中受到呈正弦形式衰减变化的钩载激励作用，依据钩载时间历程采用动态显示分析步，得到了井架结构应力和位移随时间的变化情况。结合脉动风模拟理论基础，得到了三种风速下脉动风速谱，，并以此为基础进一步得到了井架总风载荷谱，采用瞬态时程分析步得到井架风振的最大峰值位移、速度、以及加速度响应。
[Abstract]:The towering Derrick structure is an indispensable bearing member of drilling rig. It not only bears a variety of conventional loads under different working conditions such as hoisting and drilling, but also is subjected to wind loads with randomness and spatial correlation. The Derrick structure is especially sensitive to wind load and the failure of Derrick structure due to wind-induced vibration occurs from time to time. Up to now, much research has been done on the wind-induced response of Derrick structure, but less on the coupling between Derrick and wind load. Therefore, in the case of conventional mechanical analysis of the Derrick structure, the wind vibration response of the Derrick is numerically simulated and the fluid-structure coupling effect is considered. It is not only of engineering practical significance in comprehensively and objectively understanding the static and dynamic characteristics and reliability of Derrick, but also provides a theoretical design method for Derrick structure design. Based on this, the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the structure of Derrick is simplified and the finite element model is established. Combined with the actual situation of drilling rig, the constant load and large hook load of drilling rig under equivalent static load are preliminarily calculated. Working rope force, vertical root load, wind load, and the typical nine conditions combination of drilling rig are established, and the finite element static analysis of the Derrick structure under 9 working conditions is carried out, and the stress and displacement of the Derrick under different working conditions are obtained. The reliability of Derrick is preliminarily judged. Secondly, the principle and steps of the lattice Boltzmann method (Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM) are briefly introduced, and the rationality of the proposed method for numerical simulation of the fluid and the selected boundary conditions is verified by a case study of the flow around a cylinder. The two-dimensional flow field of I-shaped beam and rectangular cross-section beam widely used in Derrick structure is numerically simulated, and the velocity, vorticity and pressure distribution of fluid on the plane at different times are obtained. A more detailed understanding of the local flow field movement of the Derrick has been obtained. Then, the virtual wind tunnel of Derrick is established by using LBM method. The movement distribution of the flow field and the pressure distribution of the coupling surface between the Derrick structure and the flow field are simulated when the Derrick is blowing in front and side under the condition of hurricane. Taking the pressure distribution of the coupling surface as the external load on the Derrick surface, the mechanical response of the Derrick under unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is obtained. Finally, according to the hook load excitation of sinusoidal attenuation during drilling, the dynamic display analysis step is adopted according to the time history of hook load, and the variation of stress and displacement of Derrick structure with time is obtained. Combined with the theory of pulsating wind simulation, the spectrum of fluctuating wind speed under three kinds of wind speed is obtained, and the total wind load spectrum of Derrick is further obtained. The maximum peak displacement and velocity of wind vibration of Derrick are obtained by transient time history analysis. And acceleration response.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634.3
本文编号：2295827
[Abstract]:The towering Derrick structure is an indispensable bearing member of drilling rig. It not only bears a variety of conventional loads under different working conditions such as hoisting and drilling, but also is subjected to wind loads with randomness and spatial correlation. The Derrick structure is especially sensitive to wind load and the failure of Derrick structure due to wind-induced vibration occurs from time to time. Up to now, much research has been done on the wind-induced response of Derrick structure, but less on the coupling between Derrick and wind load. Therefore, in the case of conventional mechanical analysis of the Derrick structure, the wind vibration response of the Derrick is numerically simulated and the fluid-structure coupling effect is considered. It is not only of engineering practical significance in comprehensively and objectively understanding the static and dynamic characteristics and reliability of Derrick, but also provides a theoretical design method for Derrick structure design. Based on this, the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the structure of Derrick is simplified and the finite element model is established. Combined with the actual situation of drilling rig, the constant load and large hook load of drilling rig under equivalent static load are preliminarily calculated. Working rope force, vertical root load, wind load, and the typical nine conditions combination of drilling rig are established, and the finite element static analysis of the Derrick structure under 9 working conditions is carried out, and the stress and displacement of the Derrick under different working conditions are obtained. The reliability of Derrick is preliminarily judged. Secondly, the principle and steps of the lattice Boltzmann method (Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM) are briefly introduced, and the rationality of the proposed method for numerical simulation of the fluid and the selected boundary conditions is verified by a case study of the flow around a cylinder. The two-dimensional flow field of I-shaped beam and rectangular cross-section beam widely used in Derrick structure is numerically simulated, and the velocity, vorticity and pressure distribution of fluid on the plane at different times are obtained. A more detailed understanding of the local flow field movement of the Derrick has been obtained. Then, the virtual wind tunnel of Derrick is established by using LBM method. The movement distribution of the flow field and the pressure distribution of the coupling surface between the Derrick structure and the flow field are simulated when the Derrick is blowing in front and side under the condition of hurricane. Taking the pressure distribution of the coupling surface as the external load on the Derrick surface, the mechanical response of the Derrick under unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is obtained. Finally, according to the hook load excitation of sinusoidal attenuation during drilling, the dynamic display analysis step is adopted according to the time history of hook load, and the variation of stress and displacement of Derrick structure with time is obtained. Combined with the theory of pulsating wind simulation, the spectrum of fluctuating wind speed under three kinds of wind speed is obtained, and the total wind load spectrum of Derrick is further obtained. The maximum peak displacement and velocity of wind vibration of Derrick are obtained by transient time history analysis. And acceleration response.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634.3
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