呼伦贝尔高平原区潜水脆弱性评价研究
发布时间：2018-11-04 15:12
【摘要】：呼伦贝尔高平原区位于蒙古高原草原区东侧,2012年呼伦贝尔行政区地下水资源总量为75亿m3左右,人均占有量约为2900 m3,可知当地虽然地下水资源人均占有量比较丰富,但由于该区工矿企业和农牧业比较发达,且地下水布局不合理,分布不均,加之人们对地下水开发利用不尽合理,化肥、农药、生活垃圾、工业污水排放量增加,环境比较脆弱,地下水易受污染,对该区地下水脆弱性进行评价研究,加强水功能区划,可以为地下水资源的保护和可持续开发利用提供科学依据。论文依托于中国水科院水资源研究所科技基础工作专项项目“地下水脆弱性评价导则研究(2012FY130400)”,根据研究区的水文地质条件以及所获取数据资料的实际情况,选取地下水位埋深、含水层净补给量、含水层介质、土壤介质类型、含水层富水性、土地利用类型和地下水开采强度这7个影响潜水脆弱性的评价指标,将参数系统法中应用最广泛的DRASTIC模型加以改进,建立研究区本质脆弱性DRASC和特殊脆弱性DRASCLM评价模型。本文结合国内外学者在地下水脆弱性评价的研究成果对评价指标进行了等级划分和赋值,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重值,基于Arc GIS10.0平台的空间数据管理和分析功能对评价指标进行处理,最后生成研究区单指标分区图以及本质脆弱性和特殊脆弱性分区图,通过对比分析对呼伦贝尔高平原区潜水脆弱性进行了评价研究。评价结果表明,潜水脆弱性整体上处于较低水平,地下水防污性能良好,较高脆弱性及高脆弱性地区主要分布在研究区东北大部分地区、满洲里市东部分地区、海拉尔河中下游一带和伊敏河中下游一带,分布面积为0.69万km2,仅占研究区总面积的18.55%,土地利用类型和地下水开采强度等人类活动因素对研究区潜水脆弱性影响比较明显;水质验证结果反映了硝酸盐浓度值超标的地区对应的潜水脆弱性也比较高,且潜水特殊脆弱性分区结果比较符合研究区潜水脆弱性分区的实际特征;通过评价指标的敏感性分析,表明地下水位埋深对研究区潜水脆弱性最为重要,其次为地下水开采强度和土地利用类型,不存在敏感性比较低的评价指标,指标选取较为合理;最后制定了研究区地下水资源规划保护建议和污染防治对策。
[Abstract]:The Hulunbeir High Plain is located on the eastern side of the Mongolian Plateau grassland. In 2012, the total amount of groundwater resources in Hulunbeir district was about 7.5 billion m3, and the per capita possession was about 2900 m3. It can be seen that although the per capita possession of groundwater resources is relatively rich, However, because the industrial and mining enterprises and agriculture and animal husbandry in this area are relatively developed, and the distribution of groundwater is unreasonable and uneven, in addition to the unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater, the discharge of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, domestic refuse and industrial sewage has increased. The environment is fragile and groundwater is easy to be polluted. The evaluation and study of groundwater vulnerability in this area and the strengthening of water function zoning can provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources. The paper is based on the research on the guidelines for groundwater vulnerability assessment (2012FY130400), a special project of the Institute of Water Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the actual situation of the obtained data. The evaluation indexes of groundwater table depth, aquifer net recharge, aquifer medium, soil medium type, aquifer rich water content, land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity are selected. The most widely used DRASTIC model in the parametric system method is improved to establish the intrinsic vulnerability DRASC and special vulnerability DRASCLM evaluation model of the study area. Combined with the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater vulnerability assessment, the evaluation index is classified and assigned, and the weight value of the index is determined by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP). Based on the spatial data management and analysis function of Arc GIS10.0 platform, the evaluation index is processed. Finally, the single index partition map of the research area and the essential vulnerability and special vulnerability partition map are generated. The vulnerability of diving in Hulunbeir high plain was evaluated by comparative analysis. The results show that the groundwater vulnerability is at a lower level and the groundwater pollution prevention performance is good. The areas with high vulnerability and high vulnerability are mainly distributed in most parts of the northeast of the study area and the eastern part of Manzhouli city. In the middle and lower reaches of the Herald River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yimin River, the distribution area of 6900 km2, is only 18.55% of the total area of the study area. The effects of human activities such as land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity on the vulnerability of phreatic water in the study area were obvious. The results of water quality verification showed that the area with excessive nitrate concentration had higher phreatic vulnerability, and the subdivision results of special vulnerability of diving were in accordance with the actual characteristics of the subzone of diving vulnerability in the study area. The sensitivity analysis of the evaluation index shows that the groundwater table depth is the most important to the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area, followed by the groundwater exploitation intensity and land use type, there is no evaluation index with low sensitivity, and the selection of the index is more reasonable. Finally, suggestions for groundwater resources planning, protection and pollution prevention and control in the study area are made.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8
本文编号：2310220
[Abstract]:The Hulunbeir High Plain is located on the eastern side of the Mongolian Plateau grassland. In 2012, the total amount of groundwater resources in Hulunbeir district was about 7.5 billion m3, and the per capita possession was about 2900 m3. It can be seen that although the per capita possession of groundwater resources is relatively rich, However, because the industrial and mining enterprises and agriculture and animal husbandry in this area are relatively developed, and the distribution of groundwater is unreasonable and uneven, in addition to the unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater, the discharge of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, domestic refuse and industrial sewage has increased. The environment is fragile and groundwater is easy to be polluted. The evaluation and study of groundwater vulnerability in this area and the strengthening of water function zoning can provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources. The paper is based on the research on the guidelines for groundwater vulnerability assessment (2012FY130400), a special project of the Institute of Water Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the actual situation of the obtained data. The evaluation indexes of groundwater table depth, aquifer net recharge, aquifer medium, soil medium type, aquifer rich water content, land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity are selected. The most widely used DRASTIC model in the parametric system method is improved to establish the intrinsic vulnerability DRASC and special vulnerability DRASCLM evaluation model of the study area. Combined with the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater vulnerability assessment, the evaluation index is classified and assigned, and the weight value of the index is determined by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP). Based on the spatial data management and analysis function of Arc GIS10.0 platform, the evaluation index is processed. Finally, the single index partition map of the research area and the essential vulnerability and special vulnerability partition map are generated. The vulnerability of diving in Hulunbeir high plain was evaluated by comparative analysis. The results show that the groundwater vulnerability is at a lower level and the groundwater pollution prevention performance is good. The areas with high vulnerability and high vulnerability are mainly distributed in most parts of the northeast of the study area and the eastern part of Manzhouli city. In the middle and lower reaches of the Herald River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yimin River, the distribution area of 6900 km2, is only 18.55% of the total area of the study area. The effects of human activities such as land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity on the vulnerability of phreatic water in the study area were obvious. The results of water quality verification showed that the area with excessive nitrate concentration had higher phreatic vulnerability, and the subdivision results of special vulnerability of diving were in accordance with the actual characteristics of the subzone of diving vulnerability in the study area. The sensitivity analysis of the evaluation index shows that the groundwater table depth is the most important to the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area, followed by the groundwater exploitation intensity and land use type, there is no evaluation index with low sensitivity, and the selection of the index is more reasonable. Finally, suggestions for groundwater resources planning, protection and pollution prevention and control in the study area are made.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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，本文编号：2310220
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