青藏高原隆升阶段性

发布时间：2018-11-24 18:24

【摘要】：青藏高原的隆升不仅是印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞导致的地球内部岩石圈地球动力学作用过程的结果,并且对全球和亚洲气候变化、亚洲地貌和地表环境过程及大量地内和地表矿产资源的形成分布产生了深刻影响。因而研究高原隆升的历史不仅对解决上述重大科学问题提供重要途径,而且可为高原区域资源环境的开发和可持续发展提供理论依据。简要回顾和梳理了国内外近年来,围绕青藏高原隆升所取得的主要进展。研究表明新生代青藏高原经历了多阶段、多幕次、准同步异幅且高原南北后期加速隆升的演化过程。具体可划分为55~30、25~10及8~0 Ma 3个主要生长隆升期次。其中55~30 Ma的高原早期隆升,主要集中在高原中南部的拉萨地块和羌塘地块,并且可能隆升到接近3 km高度,或甚至更高,有人称之为"原西藏高原",但其周缘存在准同步异幅的变形隆升响应;25~10 Ma的中期隆升,"原西藏高原"南北缘的喜马拉雅山和可可西里—昆仑山开始强烈隆升,"原西藏高原"率先隆升到目前高度并开始向东西两侧挤出物质、拉张形成南北向裂谷,高原北缘普遍产生广泛变形隆升但幅度有限;从约8 Ma开始的晚期隆升,高原南、北部边缘的喜马拉雅山和昆仑山—西秦岭以北的高原东北部隆升显著加速,经历一系列短暂快速的多幕次构造变形和生长隆升,最终形成现今高原面貌。
[Abstract]:The uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is not only the result of the geodynamic processes of the inner lithosphere caused by the collision of the Indian plate with the Asian plate, but also the global and Asian climate change. The processes of geomorphology and surface environment in Asia and the formation and distribution of a large amount of mineral resources within and on the ground have had a profound impact. Therefore, the study of the history of plateau uplift not only provides an important way to solve the above important scientific problems, but also provides a theoretical basis for the exploitation and sustainable development of the resources and environment in the plateau region. This paper briefly reviews and combs the main progress made around the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent years at home and abroad. The study shows that the Cenozoic Qinghai-Xizang Plateau experienced a multi-stage, multi-scene, quasi-synchronous variation and accelerated uplift in the late stage of the plateau. It can be divided into three main stages of growth and uplift: 55 and 30 Ma respectively. The early uplift of the plateau, 55 to 30 Ma, is mainly concentrated in the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks in the central and southern part of the plateau, and may rise to a height of close to 3 km, or even higher. Some people call it the "original Tibetan Plateau." However, there is a quasi-synchronous deformation uplift response around its periphery. In the middle uplift of 2510 Ma, the Himalayas and the Hokoxili-Kunlun Mountains on the northern and southern margins of the "original Tibet Plateau" began to rise strongly, while the "original Tibet Plateau" was the first to uplift to its present height and began to squeeze material out of the east and west sides. The extensional extension forms a north-south rift, and the northern margin of the plateau generally produces a wide range of deformation uplift, but the range is limited; From the late uplift of about 8 Ma, the uplift of the Himalayas in the south, the northern margin of the plateau and the northeastern plateau north of the Kunlun Mountains and the West Qinling Mountains accelerated significantly, and experienced a series of short and rapid tectonic deformation and growth uplift. The present plateau was finally formed.
【作者单位】：中国科学院青藏高原研究所中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心;
【基金】：国家重大科学研究计划全球变化研究项目(2013CB956400) 国家自然科学基金项目(41620104002)
【分类号】：P548

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