MTEM波场变换与偏移成像方法研究
发布时间:2018-11-25 15:30
【摘要】:多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)是一种近年来备受关注的电磁勘探方法。它采用接地导线源、发送伪随机编码、与地震勘探类似的阵列式多道观测方式,接收的脉冲响应数据可以像地震数据一样被处理,可实现地下数千米深目标体的探查。目前,MTEM方法仍是一种正在发展的电磁勘探方法,在其系统设计、数据处理等方面还有大量的工作可做。本文在参考前人和研究组前期工作的基础上,主要针对以下问题进行了研究:(1)根据发射波形的频谱特征和MTEM响应对其探测深度和抗噪能力进行分析,从而给出MTEM发射波形和系统参数的选取原则;(2)研究MTEM数据的基本处理方法。针对反褶积的不适定性给出MTEM响应提取的稳定方法,并在分析原有MTEM视电阻率定义缺陷的基础上,研究更适合MTEM数据处理的全域视电阻率定义方法;(3)在MTEM数据处理中引入波场变换技术,研究将扩散场数据变换到波场的稳定算法,以通过波场解释方法提高MTEM解释工作的分辨率;(4)在变换得到波场数据后,利用克西霍夫积分偏移实现地下电性分布的快速成像,结合MTEM发射波形的特点,研究“叠前”偏移成像方法。与传统的TEM方法不同的是,MTEM一般采用特定的发射波形(如伪随机二值序列)进行发射,并同时记录发射信号和大地的全期响应,通过反褶积的方法获取大地脉冲响应。由于无需仅仅在脉冲间歇期间观测,无需等待前一次激发二次场消失殆尽即可进行下一次发射,使得同样时间间隔内发射次数大为增加。不同的发射波形具有不同的能量分布,对噪声的抑制能力也有所不同。文章将首先给出利用数值滤波和褶积技术计算MTEM系统在层状大地模型上响应的方法,在此基础上,根据发射波形的频谱特征对其探测深度和抗噪能力进行分析,从而给出MTEM系统参数的选取原则。随后,文章将介绍MTEM数据的一些基本处理技术。传统的MTEM资料处理一般是利用反褶积方法提取地层的脉冲响应,然后利用冲激时刻进行视电阻率定义,最后形成视电阻率-偏移距剖面作为勘探的基本成果。这种方法定义的视电阻率很难体现深部地层的电阻率变化,同时,也浪费了大量采集到的数据。本文将从反函数的定义出发,给出一种全域视电阻率定义方法,并以此为基础提出对MTEM系统的改进方法。将满足扩散方程的MTEM数据转换到波场,采用地震勘探的成熟技术进行资料处理,能够大大提高电磁法勘探的分辨率。然而,波场变换是一个不适定的过程,波场变换矩阵具有非常大的条件数。本文将讨论利用平衡法等技术降低条件数的方法,在此基础上讨论波场变换的正则化方法和奇异值分解方法。然后在汲取和发展前人成果的基础上,给出一种新的稳定波场变换算法——扫时波场变换。将MTEM数据变换到波场后,即可引入偏移成像方法获得地下电性分界面的几何形态。本文首先讨论了基于克西霍夫积分的反射波场逆时“归位”方法,在此基础上给出利用克西霍夫偏移法获得地下介质分界面几何形态的偏移方法,进行了简单模型的试算。然后,通过设计较为复杂的模型进行模型测试,验证了本文在MTEM数据处理中引入的波场变换和偏移成像技术的正确性和稳定性。最后,研究了MTEM“叠前”偏移成像的实现方法,并和前文提出的偏移成像方法进行了对比。
[Abstract]:Multi-channel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) is a kind of electromagnetic exploration method that has attracted much attention in recent years. The method adopts an array type multi-channel observation mode similar to the seismic exploration, and the received impulse response data can be processed like the seismic data, so that the exploration of the underground thousands of meters of deep target bodies can be realized. At present, the MTEM method is still a developing electromagnetic exploration method, and a lot of work can be done in its system design, data processing and so on. Based on the previous work of the predecessors and the research group, this paper mainly studies the following problems: (1) the detection depth and the anti-noise capability of the transmission waveform are analyzed according to the spectral characteristics and the MTEM responses of the emission waveform, so as to give the selection principle of the transmission waveform and the system parameters of the MTEM; (2) The basic processing method of the MTEM data is studied. In this paper, the stability of MTEM response extraction is given for the discomforts of deconvolution, and on the basis of analyzing the defects of the original MTEM apparent resistivity, the global apparent resistivity definition method for the MTEM data processing is studied. (3) The wave field transformation technique is introduced in the MTEM data processing. The stability of the diffusion field data to the wave field is studied, the resolution of the MTEM interpretation is improved by the wave field interpretation method, and (4) after the wave field data is transformed, the rapid imaging of the underground electrical distribution is realized by using the Ksihov integral offset, and the characteristic of the MTEM emission waveform is combined. Study the 鈥減restack鈥,
本文编号:2356604
[Abstract]:Multi-channel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) is a kind of electromagnetic exploration method that has attracted much attention in recent years. The method adopts an array type multi-channel observation mode similar to the seismic exploration, and the received impulse response data can be processed like the seismic data, so that the exploration of the underground thousands of meters of deep target bodies can be realized. At present, the MTEM method is still a developing electromagnetic exploration method, and a lot of work can be done in its system design, data processing and so on. Based on the previous work of the predecessors and the research group, this paper mainly studies the following problems: (1) the detection depth and the anti-noise capability of the transmission waveform are analyzed according to the spectral characteristics and the MTEM responses of the emission waveform, so as to give the selection principle of the transmission waveform and the system parameters of the MTEM; (2) The basic processing method of the MTEM data is studied. In this paper, the stability of MTEM response extraction is given for the discomforts of deconvolution, and on the basis of analyzing the defects of the original MTEM apparent resistivity, the global apparent resistivity definition method for the MTEM data processing is studied. (3) The wave field transformation technique is introduced in the MTEM data processing. The stability of the diffusion field data to the wave field is studied, the resolution of the MTEM interpretation is improved by the wave field interpretation method, and (4) after the wave field data is transformed, the rapid imaging of the underground electrical distribution is realized by using the Ksihov integral offset, and the characteristic of the MTEM emission waveform is combined. Study the 鈥減restack鈥,
本文编号:2356604
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