渤海湾盆地黄金带油田构造特征研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 11:07

【摘要】：复杂断陷盆地是黄金带油田的典型特征,走滑作用影响着该油田,致使该区内断裂复杂,小幅度、小面积的断块和断鼻为区内主要的局部构造,油气成藏受构造控制因素很大。因此,确定断层特征,分析其与油水分布关系,具有重要意义。黄金带油田位于辽河盆地东部凹陷南部深陷带,整体呈北东向展布。以二界沟断层和驾掌寺断层为界,自西向东可以分为西部新开斜坡带、中央黄金带断裂背斜构造带和东部驾掌寺斜坡带。其中沙河街组和东营组地层富含油气,构造样式丰富,为本次研究的目的层。本文利用地震资料以构造特征入手,采用构造地质学的理论和方法,对渤海湾盆地黄金带油田沙河街组和东营组地层进行了构造特征、断裂特征、构造演化过程以及微构造的详细研究。通过此次研究,取得了以下成果和认识。(1)本区在古近纪先后经历了张性应力场和扭性应力场,而扭性应力场又派生出两个方向互相垂直的拉张应力场和挤压应力场。因此本区在复杂的应力场的作用下,发育了丰富的构造样式。认为在沙三早期拉张应力场作用下形成了二界沟断层;沙三晚期和沙一期应力场较弱时形成了驾掌寺断层,并存在北西-南东的伸展构造作用;而在东营期应力场较强时期,由于右旋扭应力场派生的南北向拉张应力场和东西向挤压应力场,为走滑构造变形体制,最大主应力方向为近东西向,表现为北东向右旋走滑,东西向挤压和南北向伸展的构造变形特征,伴有纵弯褶皱的发育;同时,二界沟断层作为构造带边界对局部应力场的方向造成改变。(2)构造演化特征对烃源岩、储层、盖层的发育以及油气的运移、聚集、保存具有重要的控制作用。沙三期本区主干断层强烈活动,控制了黄金带深陷区的形成,其中沙三中亚段为湖相沉积,发育纯而厚的泥岩,是本区主要烃源岩。沙三末期,由于构造运动的变化,整体抬升,沙二段遭到剥蚀,与上覆地层的接触方式为平行不整合接触,接触面附近的储层物性被改善。沙一期为构造平稳期,地层缓慢沉降,本区广泛发育扇三角洲沉积体系,为本区的主要储层。东营期为本区强烈走滑时期,同时也是本区烃源岩的大量排烃时期。沙三期发育的断层重新活动,由于沟通烃源岩,而成为油气垂向运移的通道。新产生的断层则成为油气从沙一段储层二次运移至东营组储层的通道。地层纵弯褶皱产生了相对高差,为油气横向运移提供了动力。东营期结束,本区构造定型,断层停止活动,从油气运移通道转而成为为油气聚集提供遮挡条件。复杂的断裂系统和地层褶皱使本区的背斜圈闭、断层圈闭等构造圈闭十分发育,为油气聚集提供了场所。
[Abstract]:The complex fault depression basin is a typical feature of the gold belt oilfield, and the strike slip affects the oil field, which results in the fault complex, small amplitude, small area fault block and fault nose as the main local structure in this area. The oil and gas accumulation is controlled by the structure. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine fault characteristics and analyze their relationship with oil-water distribution. The gold belt oil field is located in the southern depression of the eastern depression of Liaohe basin. From west to east, it can be divided into the west Xinkai slope zone, the central gold belt fault anticline belt and the eastern Jiazhansi slope belt with the Erjiegou fault and the Jiazhansi fault as the boundary. The strata of Shahejie formation and Dongying formation are rich in oil and gas and rich in structural style. Based on the structural characteristics of seismic data and the theory and method of structural geology, the structural characteristics and fault characteristics of Shahejie formation and Dongying formation in Jinzhuan Oilfield of Bohai Bay Basin have been carried out in this paper. Detailed study of tectonic evolution and microstructures. Through this study, the following results and understandings have been obtained. (1) in Paleogene, the area has experienced the tensional stress field and the torsional stress field, and the torsional stress field has derived the tensile stress field and the squeeze stress field which are perpendicular to each other in both directions. Therefore, rich structural patterns have been developed in this area under the action of complex stress field. It is considered that the Erjiegou fault was formed under the action of tensile stress field in the early stage of Sha 3, the Jiazhansi fault was formed when the stress field was weak in the late stage of the third stage and the first stage of the sand, and the extensional tectonics of the north west to the south east existed. In the period of strong stress field in Dongying period, the direction of the maximum principal stress is near east-west direction, and the maximum principal stress direction is near east-west direction, because of the S-N tensile stress field derived from the right-torsional stress field and the east-west compressive stress field, it is a strike-slip structure, and the maximum principal stress direction is near east-west direction, which is manifested by the north-east right-lateral strike-slip. The tectonic deformation characteristics of east-west compression and north-south extension are accompanied by the development of longitudinally bent folds; At the same time, as the boundary of the structural zone, the second boundary fault changes the direction of the local stress field. (2) structural evolution features play an important role in controlling the development of source rock, reservoir, caprock, migration, accumulation and preservation of oil and gas. The strong activity of the main faults in this area controls the formation of the gold belt, in which the middle part of the third part is lacustrine sedimentary with pure and thick mudstone, which is the main hydrocarbon source rock in this area. In the late stage of Sha 3, due to the change of tectonic movement, the whole uplift, the erosion of the second member of the sand, the parallel unconformity contact with the overlying strata, and the improvement of the physical properties of the reservoir near the contact surface. The first stage of Sha is a stable period with slow subsidence of strata. Fan delta sedimentary system is widely developed in this area, which is the main reservoir in this area. Dongying period is a strong strike-slip period and a large amount of hydrocarbon expulsion period. The fault reactivity developed in the third stage of Sha 3 became the channel of vertical migration of oil and gas due to the communication of source rocks. The newly generated fault is a channel for the secondary migration of oil and gas from the reservoir of Sha 1 member to the reservoir of Dongying formation. The vertical bend fold produces relative height difference, which provides the power for the lateral migration of oil and gas. At the end of Dongying period, the structure of this area is fixed, the fault is stopped, and the migration channel of oil and gas is changed into the condition of blocking the accumulation of oil and gas. The complex fault system and stratigraphic fold make the structural traps such as anticline traps and fault traps well developed, which provides a place for oil and gas accumulation.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P618.13

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