贵州高原喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及质量评价——以普定后寨河为例

发布时间：2018-12-11 13:24

【摘要】：为研究贵州典型喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及水质状况,于2015年5月—12月对贵州普定后寨河流域进行现场调查并采集浅层地下水样品28个,测定K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N等20种指标,利用Duncan差异显著性检验法进行水化学特征分析,用水质质量综合评价法对水质进行评价.结果表明,浅层地下水呈微碱性,主要阴离子为HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-,主要阳离子为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+).从季节变化来看,Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、K~+、TN是春季夏季秋季,在冬季时其含量升高,HCO_3~-是春季≈夏季秋季冬季.NO_3~--N是夏季春季秋季冬季.Na~+、Mg~(2+)是秋季和冬季较低.pH、NH_4~+-N是春季和秋季较低,4个季节中呈"N"型分布,可见,在喀斯特山区浅层地下水具有明显的季节变化特征.水质综合评价表明,在喀斯特山区秋、冬季节水质较春、夏季节好,总体质量较好.而从单项组分来看,部分地区有的指标已超过Ⅳ类水的限值,主要是总Fe和NH_4~+-N质量浓度较高影响水质.总Fe的最高质量浓度为1.2948 mg·L~(-1),NH_4~+-N的最高质量浓度为0.71 mg·L~(-1),这与当地人类生产生活活动有关,对浅层地下水质量具有潜在的影响.综上,研究贵州高原喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及水质,可为喀斯特山区水资源的保护和管理提供科学依据.
[Abstract]:In order to study the chemical characteristics and water quality of shallow groundwater in typical karst basins in Guizhou Province, a field investigation was carried out on the Houzhai River Basin in Puding, Guizhou Province from May to December 2015. 28 samples of shallow groundwater were collected, and K ~, Na~, Ca~ (2) were determined. Mg~ (2), HCO_3~-,NO_3~--N,NH_4~ N and other 20 indexes were used to analyze the chemical characteristics of water by using Duncan difference significance test method, and the water quality was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation method of water quality. The results show that the shallow groundwater is slightly alkaline, the main anions are HCO_3~-,SO_4~ (2-), the main cations of Cl~-, are Ca~ (2), Mg~ (2). In terms of seasonal variation, Cl~-,SO_4~ (2-), K ~, TN are spring, summer and autumn, and their contents increase in winter. HCO_3~- is spring 鈮，

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