部分饱和砂岩储层岩石物理和地震响应研究

发布时间：2019-01-01 20:16

【摘要】：在常规高孔隙以及致密含气砂岩储层中,含气饱和度都是表征储层是否具有商业勘探开发价值的重要参数。随着致密砂岩气藏成为非常规天然气勘探开发的重点,高丰度含气储层的识别成为地震勘探工作的重要目标,因此针对砂岩含气饱和度定量预测的相关研究具有重要意义。在论文中,通过可控参数人造砂岩方法研究了单一参数对砂岩弹性模量的影响规律,为AVO正演和反演工作提供理论支持。利用AVO数学正演方法针对砂岩矿物及泥质含量改变、气-水混合流体饱和模式、储层厚度对AVO特征的影响进行了分析。将岩石物理分析与地震物理模拟技术结合,构建不同含气饱和度砂岩物理模型,对数据进行采集处理后,利用AVO特征和叠前同步反演方法对常规高孔和致密含气砂岩储层的含气饱和度进行定量预测研究。在岩石物理研究方面,以单一参数对砂岩弹性参数的影响机制为研究目的,以人工砂岩样品、天然砂岩样品、测井曲线为手段进行实验及理论研究,探究骨架矿物、泥质含量、含水饱和度、压力参数对砂岩弹性模量的影响规律。改进了Xu-White模型可以更加准确的求取砂岩的弹性参数,为AVO正演和叠前反演工作提供了岩石物理理论支持。利用数学正演方法针对砂岩骨架矿物、泥质含量、气-水双相流体饱和模式、储层厚度四个重要参数改变时AVO响应及属性变化进行了分析。结果显示矿物及泥质含量改变与AVO特征基本是线性变化关系;气-水饱和模式对不同含气饱和砂体的AVO特征有着重要影响,不同的饱和模式将会导致AVO方法对含气饱和度的不同预测能力;储层厚度则可能对AVO特征分析产生干扰作用。在含气饱和度定量预测方面,通过构建不同含气饱和度砂岩储层地震物理模型,结合岩石物理和数据采集处理,利用AVO特征和叠前同步反演方法针对常规高孔含气储层、致密含气储层的含气饱和度进行定量预测研究。结果显示AVO特征可用于致密砂岩储层含气饱和度大小的半定量预测,对常规高孔砂岩储层预测能力较差。而利用叠前同步反演方法,通过优选反演结果中不同的敏感参数可分别给出两种含气砂岩储层含气饱和度的定量预测结果。
[Abstract]:In conventional high porosity and tight gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs, gas saturation is an important parameter to indicate whether the reservoir has commercial exploration and development value. As tight sandstone gas reservoirs become the focus of unconventional natural gas exploration and development, the identification of high abundance gas-bearing reservoirs becomes an important target of seismic exploration, so it is of great significance to study the quantitative prediction of sandstone gas saturation. In this paper, the influence of single parameter on elastic modulus of sandstone is studied by means of controllable parameter artificial sandstone method, which provides theoretical support for AVO forward modeling and inversion work. The effects of sandstone mineral and shale content change, gas-water mixture fluid saturation model and reservoir thickness on AVO characteristics are analyzed by using AVO mathematical forward modeling method. Combining rock physical analysis with seismic physical simulation technology, the physical model of sandstone with different gas saturation is constructed, and the data are collected and processed. The quantitative prediction of gas saturation in conventional high porosity and tight gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs is studied by using AVO characteristics and prestack synchronous inversion method. In the aspect of rock physics research, the influence mechanism of single parameter on sandstone elastic parameter is studied, the artificial sandstone sample, natural sandstone sample and logging curve are used as experimental and theoretical research, and the contents of skeleton minerals and shale are explored. The influence of water saturation and pressure parameters on the elastic modulus of sandstone. The improved Xu-White model can obtain the elastic parameters of sandstone more accurately, which provides the theoretical support of rock physics for AVO forward modeling and prestack inversion. The AVO response and attribute changes of sandstone skeleton minerals, shale content, gas-water two-phase fluid saturation model and reservoir thickness are analyzed by mathematical forward modeling. The results show that the change of mineral and mud content is basically linear with the characteristics of AVO. The gas-water saturation model has an important influence on the AVO characteristics of different gas-bearing saturated sand bodies. Different saturation modes will lead to different prediction ability of AVO method for gas saturation, while reservoir thickness may interfere with the analysis of AVO characteristics. In terms of quantitative prediction of gas saturation, seismic physical models of sandstone reservoirs with different gas saturation are constructed, combined with rock physics and data acquisition and processing, and AVO characteristics and prestack synchronous inversion methods are used for conventional high porosity gas reservoirs. Quantitative prediction of gas saturation in tight gas-bearing reservoirs is carried out. The results show that AVO characteristics can be used for semi-quantitative prediction of gas saturation in tight sandstone reservoirs and poor prediction ability for conventional high-porosity sandstone reservoirs. By using the prestack synchronous inversion method, the quantitative prediction results of gas saturation in two kinds of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs can be obtained by selecting different sensitive parameters in the inversion results.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4

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