天津市地质灾害评价

发布时间：2019-03-17 18:59

【摘要】：地质灾害评价是进行地质灾害防治工作的基础和决策依据,为人们的生命、财产安全提供保障,为实现经济、社会和环境效益提供保障。在一定的区域范围内,多种地质灾害往往相伴发生,因此要对地质灾害的工作区域做分别评价,再分析各个灾种之间的相关性,确定每一种地质灾害对总体环境的影响程度,最后综合评价区域范围内地质灾害的危险性。地质灾害的产生是内外因素共同的作用。天津地质灾害分布广泛。目前存在的地质灾害主要为地质作用产生的自然地质灾害,而由人类活动诱发的次生地质灾害会进一步恶化地质环境,形成较为突出的灾害问题。根据历史灾害资料与灾情现状分析,危及天津市建设的主要灾害是:地震地质灾害、地面沉降灾害、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、软土地基灾害、海岸侵蚀等。其中北部山区以中小型崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等突发性地质灾害以为主,南部平原区以地面沉降为主。天津北部山区主要发育倾倒式小型崩塌、岩质滑坡及沟谷型泥石流,其中崩塌灾害发生率最高。天津北部山区的地质灾害大部分是人类工程活动诱发的,为了保护环境,北部山区的金属、非金属矿山已先后关闭,并且山区植被覆盖较好,山岭坡度变化不大,地质灾害危险性较小。天津市南部平原地区地势平缓,由于特殊的水文地质、工程地质条件,地面沉降发展出了多级漏斗。宝坻城关以北及蓟县地面沉降现象不明显,而在宝坻城关以南大部分平原区的沉降量都大于10mm/a。因此天津市南部平原区地质灾害以地面沉降为主。天津市目前地质灾害主要集中在南部地区,强度较大区域主要位于津南区、西青区和静海县范围内,主要与地下水开采量有关,因此控制地下水开采规模是天津市防治地质灾害的首要任务。
[Abstract]:Geological hazard evaluation is the basis and decision-making basis for the prevention and control of geological hazards. It can guarantee the safety of people's lives and property, and guarantee the realization of economic, social and environmental benefits. In a certain region, a variety of geological hazards often occur side by side, so it is necessary to evaluate the working areas of geological disasters separately, and then analyze the correlation among the various types of disasters, and determine the degree of impact of each geological hazard on the overall environment. Finally, the risk of geological hazards in the regional scope is comprehensively evaluated. The formation of geological hazards is a common effect of internal and external factors. Geological hazards in Tianjin are widely distributed. At present, the main geological hazards are natural geological hazards caused by geological processes, and secondary geological disasters induced by human activities will further worsen the geological environment and form a more prominent disaster problem. According to the data of historical disasters and the present situation of the disasters, the main disasters endangering the construction of Tianjin are: seismic geological disasters, land subsidence disasters, collapses, landslides, debris flows, soft soil foundation disasters, coastal erosion and so on. In the northern mountainous area, small and medium-sized collapses, landslides and debris flow are the main sudden geological hazards, and land subsidence is the main factor in the southern plain. Small collapse, rock landslide and valley debris flow are mainly developed in the mountainous area of northern Tianjin, among which the incidence of collapse is the highest. In order to protect the environment, the metal and non-metallic mines in the northern mountain area of Tianjin have been closed successively, and the vegetation cover in the mountain area is better, and the slope of the mountain is not changed much. Geological hazards are less dangerous. Due to the special hydrogeology and engineering geological conditions, the land subsidence has developed into a multi-stage funnel in the southern plain of Tianjin. The land subsidence in the north of Baodi city pass and Jixian county is not obvious, but in most plain areas south of Baodi city pass, the subsidence is more than 10 mm a. Therefore, land subsidence is the main geological disaster in the plain area of southern Tianjin. At present, the geological disasters in Tianjin are mainly concentrated in the southern region, and the greater intensity areas are mainly located in Jinnan District, Xiqing District and Jinghai County, which are mainly related to the amount of groundwater exploitation. Therefore, controlling the scale of groundwater exploitation is the primary task of preventing and controlling geological disasters in Tianjin.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694

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