昆明市黑龙潭岩溶泉水氢氧稳定同位素特征分析
发布时间：2019-03-18 12:55
【摘要】：我国是世界上岩溶最发育的国家之一,岩溶分布广泛,类型较多。在岩溶地区,含水层的复杂性和特殊性加大了岩溶水的研究难度。而岩溶水往往通过岩溶泉的形式集中排泄到地表,故对岩溶泉的观测研究成为我们认识岩溶水的突破口。 昆明市黑龙潭位于昆明市北郊五老山麓,是黑龙潭东支断裂在黑龙潭附近切割深部岩溶含水层并出露地表形成的。黑龙潭出露有三个岩溶泉：清水潭、浑水潭和小水潭,它们表现出不同的水文地质特征,本文对这三个岩溶泉的氢氧稳定同位素特征进行了为期近一年的监测研究。在研究区采集大气降水和泉水样品并测定氢氧稳定同位素值,获得大量第一手基础数据,这对促进研究区地下水文系统特征及变化规律的认识十分有益。此外,黑龙潭泉域的三个岩溶泉是国内外研究较少涉及的高原断陷盆地边缘的岩溶泉,对其水文特征的研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。 本文通过对大气降水和泉水氢氧稳定同位素特征进行分析研究,以揭示研究区地下水文系统的特征。得到以下结论： 1、对大气降水氢氧同位素的分析表明研究区大气降水同位素组成的季节性差异显著,存在降雨量效应。利用大气降水δ18O-δD关系建立当地大气水线：δD=7.63δ18O+2.08,将之与全球以及我国大气水线相比,可以说明研究区气候相对全球和全国平均水平而言较干热,降水过程中受二次蒸发影响较大。 2、对泉水氢氧同位素的分析表明其具有与大气降水相同的雨季偏轻、旱季偏重的趋势,这说明泉水受降水水汽源地的影响。将泉水同位素组成和大气水线进行对比,可知地下水来源于大气降水,且主要源自夏季降水。通过高程效应分析得知清水潭补给高程比小水潭和浑水潭大。泉水氘过量参数的分析表明各泉的渡越时间从长到短为：浑水潭、小水潭、清水潭。 3、利用高斯混合模型对泉水氢氧稳定同位素数据进行分析,结果表明清水潭的补给不仅来源于野猫山地区,还包括径流过程中的入渗补给,而且入渗补给量并不小。浑水潭旱雨两季补给类型有所区别。小水潭除受北部二叠系灰岩含水层补给之外,很有可能也受东北部玄武岩山地的孔洞裂隙水补给。 4、利用大气降水和泉水氢稳定同位素值,通过集总式参数模型计算得出清水潭、浑水潭、小水潭地下水渡越时间为1.8周、5.8周、5.4周。另外通过经验公式计算得出清水潭、浑水潭、小水潭地下水渡越时间为2.1周、6.1周、5.7周。二者结论相似,可以相互佐证。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most developed karst countries in the world. In karst area, the complexity and particularity of aquifer make it more difficult to study karst water. The karst water tends to be discharged to the surface through the form of karst spring, so the observation and study of karst spring has become a breakthrough in our understanding of karst water. The black dragon pool in Kunming is located in the foothills of Wulaoshan in the northern suburb of Kunming. It is formed by the eastern branch fault of the black dragon pool cutting the deep karst aquifer near the black dragon pool and revealing the surface. There are three karst springs in black dragon pool: clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool. They show different hydrogeological characteristics. In this paper, the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope characteristics of these three karst springs have been monitored for nearly a year. Collecting meteoric water and spring water samples in the study area and determining hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope values to obtain a large number of first-hand basic data, which is very helpful to promote the understanding of the characteristics and variation of the underground hydrological system in the study area. In addition, the three karst springs in the Helongtan spring region are the karst springs at the edge of the plateau fault basin, which are rarely studied at home and abroad. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the hydrological characteristics of the karst springs. This paper analyzes the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of atmospheric precipitation and spring water in order to reveal the characteristics of underground hydrological system in the study area. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric precipitation shows that the seasonal difference of isotopic composition of atmospheric precipitation in the study area is significant and there is rainfall effect. According to 未 18O-未 D relationship of atmospheric precipitation, the local atmospheric water line is established: 未 Dx7.63 未 18O 2.08. Compared with the global and Chinese atmospheric waterline, the climate in the study area is more dry and hot than the global and national average. The precipitation process is greatly affected by secondary evaporation. 2. The analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of spring water shows that the spring has the same tendency of light rainy season and heavy dry season, which indicates that spring water is affected by the source of precipitation water vapor. Comparing the isotopic composition of spring water with the atmospheric waterline, we can see that groundwater comes from atmospheric precipitation, and mainly comes from summer precipitation. The height effect analysis shows that the replenishment elevation of clear water pool is larger than that of small water pool and muddy water pool. The analysis of deuterium excess parameters of spring shows that the transit time of each spring is from long to short: muddy water pool, small water pool and clear water pool. 3. Using Gao Si mixed model to analyze the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data of spring water, the results show that the recharge of Qingshui pool not only comes from Wildmaoshan area, but also includes infiltration recharge during runoff process, and the recharge amount of infiltration is not small. Muddy water pool dry rain two seasons of supply types are different. In addition to being replenished by the Permian limestone aquifer in the north, Xiaoshui pool may also be replenished by pore fissure water in the north-eastern basalt mountains. 4. By using the hydrogen stable isotope values of atmospheric precipitation and spring water, the groundwater transit time of clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool is 1.8 weeks, 5.8 weeks and 5.4 weeks, calculated by the lumped parameter model. In addition, the groundwater transit time of clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool is 2.1 weeks, 6.1 weeks, 5.7 weeks according to the empirical formula. The two conclusions are similar and can be corroborated by each other.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.3
本文编号：2442885
[Abstract]:China is one of the most developed karst countries in the world. In karst area, the complexity and particularity of aquifer make it more difficult to study karst water. The karst water tends to be discharged to the surface through the form of karst spring, so the observation and study of karst spring has become a breakthrough in our understanding of karst water. The black dragon pool in Kunming is located in the foothills of Wulaoshan in the northern suburb of Kunming. It is formed by the eastern branch fault of the black dragon pool cutting the deep karst aquifer near the black dragon pool and revealing the surface. There are three karst springs in black dragon pool: clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool. They show different hydrogeological characteristics. In this paper, the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope characteristics of these three karst springs have been monitored for nearly a year. Collecting meteoric water and spring water samples in the study area and determining hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope values to obtain a large number of first-hand basic data, which is very helpful to promote the understanding of the characteristics and variation of the underground hydrological system in the study area. In addition, the three karst springs in the Helongtan spring region are the karst springs at the edge of the plateau fault basin, which are rarely studied at home and abroad. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the hydrological characteristics of the karst springs. This paper analyzes the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of atmospheric precipitation and spring water in order to reveal the characteristics of underground hydrological system in the study area. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric precipitation shows that the seasonal difference of isotopic composition of atmospheric precipitation in the study area is significant and there is rainfall effect. According to 未 18O-未 D relationship of atmospheric precipitation, the local atmospheric water line is established: 未 Dx7.63 未 18O 2.08. Compared with the global and Chinese atmospheric waterline, the climate in the study area is more dry and hot than the global and national average. The precipitation process is greatly affected by secondary evaporation. 2. The analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of spring water shows that the spring has the same tendency of light rainy season and heavy dry season, which indicates that spring water is affected by the source of precipitation water vapor. Comparing the isotopic composition of spring water with the atmospheric waterline, we can see that groundwater comes from atmospheric precipitation, and mainly comes from summer precipitation. The height effect analysis shows that the replenishment elevation of clear water pool is larger than that of small water pool and muddy water pool. The analysis of deuterium excess parameters of spring shows that the transit time of each spring is from long to short: muddy water pool, small water pool and clear water pool. 3. Using Gao Si mixed model to analyze the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data of spring water, the results show that the recharge of Qingshui pool not only comes from Wildmaoshan area, but also includes infiltration recharge during runoff process, and the recharge amount of infiltration is not small. Muddy water pool dry rain two seasons of supply types are different. In addition to being replenished by the Permian limestone aquifer in the north, Xiaoshui pool may also be replenished by pore fissure water in the north-eastern basalt mountains. 4. By using the hydrogen stable isotope values of atmospheric precipitation and spring water, the groundwater transit time of clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool is 1.8 weeks, 5.8 weeks and 5.4 weeks, calculated by the lumped parameter model. In addition, the groundwater transit time of clear water pool, muddy water pool and small water pool is 2.1 weeks, 6.1 weeks, 5.7 weeks according to the empirical formula. The two conclusions are similar and can be corroborated by each other.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.3
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