湖南保靖县地质灾害发育特征及危险性区划研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 14:53

【摘要】：本论文依托“湖南省保靖县1:5万地质灾害详细调查”项目,以遥感解译、地面调查、测绘和工程勘察为主要手段,研究了保靖县境内地质灾害分布、发育特征,以及灾害形成的地质环境条件。在此基础上,选择衡量地质灾害发育的主要指标,基于GIS软件,进行数据处理,运用多因子指标体系打分等综合分析方法,进行地质灾害易危险性分区及评价。本文研究的主要成果包括:1、保靖县现有各类地质灾害210处,其中滑坡调查点128处,占灾害点总数60.95%。地质灾害遍布全县16个乡(镇),其他依次发育的灾害为不稳定斜坡、崩塌、地面塌陷、泥石流和地裂缝,其中地裂缝仅1处。研究发现同种类型的地质灾害分布发育具有一定的特点。2、地质灾害主要发生在坡度45~60°、坡形为凸形型、海拔300~600m的低山丘陵地貌;地质灾害主要发育的岩土体类型为较坚硬—软弱薄层状碎屑岩组;地质灾害主要发育的斜坡结构类型反向坡;地质灾害与新构造不均衡抬升密切相关,中等-强抬升区和强抬升区,地质灾害最为发育;降水是地质灾害发生的主要引发因素;地质灾害受人类工程活动的影响明显。3、通过半定量多因子指标体系打分计算崩塌滑坡泥石流易发性分值后确定分区范围,定性分析地面塌陷易发性分区范围,叠加两个分区结果后取最大等别为易发性分区最终结果;通过分灾害类型采取多因子先定性评定地质灾害强度后,再按照多因子指标体系打分半定量计算出地质灾害危险性分值,最终在保靖县划定了地质灾害危险性分区。4、根据保靖县的经济活动特点和地质条件,通过对地质灾害易发区内中心城区、集镇、农村居民点、交通水利电力设施、独立工矿用地等人类活动较频繁的地区的详细调查,结合已划定的地质灾害易发区和危险性分区结果,提出了保靖县的防治区划方案,同时提出了地质灾害防治措施。
[Abstract]:Based on the project "1: 50 000 detailed investigation of geological disasters in Baojing County, Hunan Province", this paper studies the distribution and development characteristics of geological disasters in Baojing County by means of remote sensing interpretation, ground survey, mapping and engineering survey. And the geological and environmental conditions of disaster formation. On this basis, the main indicators to measure the development of geological hazards are selected, the data processing is carried out based on GIS software, and the comprehensive analysis method of multi-factor index system is used to divide and evaluate the risk of geological disasters. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. There are 210 geological hazards in Baojing County, of which 128 are landslide survey sites, accounting for 60.95% of the total number of disaster sites. Geological disasters spread all over the county in 16 townships and towns. The other disasters developed in turn were unstable slopes, collapses, ground collapses, debris flows and ground fissures, among which only one was ground fissures. It is found that the distribution and development of the same type of geological hazards have certain characteristics. (2) the geological disasters mainly occur in the low hill landform with the slope of 45 掳/ 60 掳, the slope shape being convex type and the elevation of 300 m / 600 m; The main types of geological hazards are hard-soft thin-layer clastic rock formation, slope structure type mainly developed by geological hazard, reverse slope type, and soft thin-layer clastic rock group, which are mainly developed by geological hazard. The geological hazards are closely related to the unbalanced uplift of new structures, and the geological hazards are most developed in the medium-strong uplift area and the strong uplift area, precipitation is the main cause of geological disasters, and the main cause of geological disasters is precipitation. The geological hazards are obviously affected by human engineering activities. 3. After calculating the susceptibility score of landslide and debris flow by semi-quantitative multi-factor index system, the zoning range is determined, and the surface collapse vulnerability zone is qualitatively analyzed. After superposition of the two partition results, the maximum equi-tion is the final result of the vulnerable partition. According to the multi-factor index system, the geological hazard risk score is calculated semi-quantitatively according to the multi-factor index system. Finally, the geological hazard risk zone is delineated in Baojing County. According to the characteristics of economic activities and geological conditions in Baojing County, a detailed survey of the areas with frequent human activities, such as central urban areas, towns, rural settlements, transportation, water conservancy and electric facilities, independent industrial and mining land, etc., in the prone areas of geological hazards, is carried out according to the characteristics of economic activities and geological conditions in Baojing County. Combined with the results of geological hazard prone areas and hazard zoning, the prevention and control plan of Baojing County is put forward, and the prevention and control measures of geological disasters are put forward at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P694

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