坐标转换求解算法及模型误差分析与研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 03:43

本文关键词：坐标转换求解算法及模型误差分析与研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：测绘中的主要工作是对某点进行空间定位,因此需要有一套参数来表达该点的空间位置,测绘中主要坐标参数为空间直角坐标(X,YZ)、平面直角坐标(X,YH)及大地坐标(B,L,H)。在工程实际应用中,使用较多的是平面直角坐标和大地坐标,而对于坐标系统的理论研究及模型表达,使用三维空间直角坐标最理想。随着空间定位技术的发展,GPS技术运用于测绘领域中,GPS测量采用的是WGS-84坐标系,而我国现行的国家坐标基准主要有：北京54坐标、西安80坐标、2000国家大地坐标。在城市测量和工程测量中往往又使用独立坐标,比如：城建坐标、公路、铁路、水电站建设中的工程独立坐标。在应用过程中基于不同目的会使用不同坐标系统的坐标,因此势必要面对同一基准下不同形式的坐标及不同坐标系统间的坐标相互转换问题。坐标转换精度直接影响着工程应用中地形图测量、控制测量、工程放样及图纸拼接等各个方面,因此坐标转换结果精度要满足要求。因此,对于坐标转换模型、坐标转换求解算法以及公共点选取及分布问题的研究有其重要意义及必要性。本文主要研究内容包括三个部分：第一：简述各种不同形式的测量坐标及不同的测量坐标系统,总结并分析各种坐标转换模型；第二：分析研究坐标转换求解算法以及不同坐标转换求解算法对坐标转换精度的影响,具体针对传统最小二乘求解算法,坐标重心化求解算法,基于尺度因子求解算法以及总体最小二乘算法,并通过实例计算探求坐标转换精度较好的有效算法；第三：分析及研究所用公共点对坐标转换精度的影响,通过工程实例研究局部区域的公共点个数、公共点分布及公共点离待转换点的距离几个因素对坐标转换精度的影响,探求有较好转换精度的公共点个数、公共点分布以及公共点重心位置。
[Abstract]:The main work of surveying and mapping is to locate a certain point in space, so it is necessary to have a set of parameters to express the spatial position of the point. Plane Cartesian coordinates (XY) and geodetic coordinates (B) and geodetic coordinates (B). In practical engineering applications, most of them are plane Cartesian coordinates and Geodetic coordinates, and the theoretical study and model expression of coordinate system are also given. With the development of spatial positioning technology, WGS-84 coordinate system is used in surveying and mapping field. The current national coordinate datum of our country mainly includes: Beijing 54 coordinate, Xi'an 80 coordinate 2000 national geodetic coordinate. In urban survey and engineering survey, independent coordinate is often used, for example: city construction coordinate. In the construction of highway, railway, hydropower station engineering independent coordinates. In the application process will use different coordinate system coordinates based on different purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to face the problem of coordinate transformation between different forms of coordinates and coordinate systems under the same datum. The precision of coordinate conversion directly affects topographic map survey and control survey in engineering application. Engineering layout and drawing splicing, so the accuracy of coordinate transformation results should meet the requirements. Therefore, for coordinate transformation model. The algorithm of coordinate transformation and the study of common point selection and distribution are of great significance and necessity. The main contents of this paper include three parts: first:. This paper briefly describes various forms of measuring coordinates and different measuring coordinate systems. Summing up and analyzing various coordinate transformation models; Second, the influence of coordinate transformation algorithm and different coordinate transformation algorithm on coordinate conversion accuracy is analyzed, especially for the traditional least square algorithm, coordinate barycenter algorithm. Based on the scale factor solving algorithm and the total least square algorithm, the effective algorithm with good precision of coordinate transformation is obtained by example calculation. Thirdly, the influence of common points on the accuracy of coordinate transformation is analyzed and studied, and the number of common points in local areas is studied by engineering examples. The influence of several factors such as the distribution of common points and the distance between common points and the points to be converted on the accuracy of coordinate transformation is discussed. The number of common points, the distribution of common points and the position of center of gravity of common points with good conversion accuracy are explored.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P226.3

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