基于RS和IGS技术乌江流域生态安全预警研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 02:42

  本文关键词： 生态安全预警评价 属性识别模型 GIS 乌江流域　出处：《重庆师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乌江流域（位于贵州省境内）是典型喀斯特地区，生态环境极为脆弱；同时乌江流域又是国家发改委确定的全国十八个国土资源重点综合开发区之一，水电资源及矿产资源丰富，是喀斯特地区工农业发展条件较优越的区域；也是贵州省人口和经济密度较大的地区之一。乌江梯级水电开发改变河流自然流态及河道两岸物种生境；流速减慢，河流自净能力降低，面源污染加剧；磷矿、煤矿等矿产资源的开采及煤、磷化工厂建设，对生态环境造成严重污染。目前上述生态环境问题未能得到有效的治理，生态环境整体有恶化趋势，根据乌江流域目前生态环境发展现状，，对其进行生态安全预警研究为其发展决策提供参考。 本文基于RS和GIS技术技术手段，提取乌江流域土地利用和景观格局信息，分析乌江流域土地利用/覆盖变化和景观格局时空变化特征。结合研究区区域特征、社会经济发展状况及资料收集情况，从自然生态系统、社会经济系统、景观生态系统三个方面构建评价指标体系，将熵权法与属性识别模型相耦合，进行乌江流域生态安全预警评价研究，将评价结果划分为巨警（Ⅰ）、重警（Ⅱ）、中警（Ⅲ）、轻警（Ⅳ）、无警（Ⅴ）五个级别。运用CA模型对花溪区土地利用进行模拟，提取景观指数，构建生态安全预警指数，进行花溪区生态安全预警模拟评价。 研究结果显示：2000～2010年10年间，水田、旱地、灌木林及未利用地面积减少，分别减少了1952.7km~2、1438.9km~2、30.5km~2、2213.5km~2；有林地、水域及建设用地面积均增加，分别增加了3452.8km~2、472.8km~2、1676.1km~2。整个流域土地利用程度随着时间的推移呈增强的发展趋势，不同区县土地利用程度存在差异不同；2000年乌江流域巨警、重警、中警、轻警的面积分别为745.8km~2、15212.2km~2、40670.7km~2、9361.4km~2，所占比重分别为1.13%、23.05%、61.63%、14.19%。2010年乌江流域巨警、重警、中警、轻警占贵州省乌江流域的面积分别为4330.5km~2、12254.1km~2、42804.0km~2、6591.4km~2，所占比重分别为6.58%、18.57%、64.86%、9.99%。花溪区2010年、2020年及2030年生态安全预警指数模拟值分别为2.53、2.36、2.50，模拟结果显示花溪区生态安全状况呈波动的变化趋势。
[Abstract]:Wujiang River Basin (located in Guizhou Province) is a typical karst area, the ecological environment is extremely fragile; At the same time, Wujiang River Basin is one of the eighteen key comprehensive development zones of national land and resources determined by the National Development and Reform Commission. The hydropower resources and mineral resources are abundant, and it is a region with superior conditions for industrial and agricultural development in karst area. It is also one of the areas with high population and economic density in Guizhou Province. The cascade hydropower development of Wujiang River changes the natural flow pattern of the river and the species habitat on both sides of the river. The flow rate is slow, the self-purification ability of the river decreases, and the non-point source pollution intensifies. The exploitation of mineral resources such as phosphate and coal mines and the construction of coal and phosphorous chemical plants have caused serious pollution to the ecological environment. At present the above-mentioned ecological environmental problems have not been effectively managed and the ecological environment as a whole has a tendency to deteriorate. According to the current situation of ecological environment development in Wujiang River Basin, the ecological security early warning study provides a reference for its development decision. Based on RS and GIS technology, this paper extracts the information of land use and landscape pattern in Wujiang River Basin. The spatial and temporal characteristics of land use / cover change and landscape pattern in Wujiang River Basin were analyzed. Based on the regional characteristics, social and economic development and data collection of the study area, the natural ecosystem and social economic system were analyzed. The evaluation index system is constructed in three aspects of landscape ecosystem. The entropy weight method and attribute recognition model are coupled to study the ecological security early warning evaluation of Wujiang River Basin. The evaluation results are divided into giant police (鈪

本文编号：1453381