基于时间地理学的个体时空信息的表达与分析

发布时间：2018-01-22 20:43

本文关键词： 地理信息系统时间地理学时空信息时空路径时空棱柱　出处：《清华大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：个体活动时空信息的表达与分析对于理解个体行为，分析个体与其他个体、周围环境和社会资源的相互作用，规划时空活动等具有重要意义。长期以来，个体行为时空特征的研究受限于时空数据的难以获得和定量分析及可视化工具的不够完善。GIS、GPS、互联网、移动通信等技术的发展使解决这两方面的限制有了改观。但利用时间地理工具表达和分析个体活动时空信息的理论、方法和应用仍然存在诸多不足，包括从实测数据到可视化结果的流程、GIS平台中时空分析模型的开发、行业中的具体应用、对复杂地表参数的分析等。本文在前人研究基础上，从地理信息系统与时间地理工具相结合的角度，做了四方面的研究工作。①.研究个体时空信息的可视化问题。试图建立起从实测数据到可视化结果的桥梁，并探讨时空信息集成表达方法在具体行业中的应用价值。②.研究时空节点的规划问题。在多个个体参与的时空活动情景中，利用时间地理工具描述各个体的时空制约条件，在综合考虑活动各参与方时空制约的基础上，对活动开展的时间和地点进行规划和优化。③.研究了个体活动潜在时空范围的分析与应用。在人员搜救场景中，利用时空棱柱工具定量化地表达各个体的时空制约条件，通过求解搜救资源与失踪人员双方的时空交集来确定搜寻范围和不同资源的搜寻起始线。④.研究了非均质地表的时空棱柱建模。将地表类型的不同转变为个体在不同位置旅行速度的差异，根据速度矩阵计算指定象元到其他象元的时间成本，进而构建非均质地表的时空棱柱。解决的关键问题包括：个体活动时空数据的整理与表达的自动化；时空节点的规划、优化与具体应用；个体潜在活动范围的建模、分析与制图；复杂地表环境下的时空棱柱建模等。围绕个体时空信息的表达和分析，本文将GIS与时间地理学结合起来，试图拓展其在实际生活中的应用，以帮助理解个体时空行为，并对一些时空活动有更好的监督、规划和预测。时空信息集成显示将个体的时间和空间信息放置于同一框架下，可视化效果更加综合、全面；考虑了活动各方时空制约的时空节点规划有助于活动顺利展开并提高活动效率；基于个体潜在活动范围划定的人员搜寻区域更加精确，能有效辅助搜寻资源开展工作；基于栅格的非均质地表时空棱柱更加符合实际情况，拥有较强的可扩展性，便于时空关系的判读和权威制约的表达。本文的研究解决了一些个体时空信息表达与分析的问题，在拓展时间地理学的应用，，延伸地理信息科学的内涵等方面做了一些工作。
[Abstract]:The expression and analysis of spatio-temporal information of individual activity is of great significance for understanding individual behavior, analyzing the interaction between individual and other individuals, surrounding environment and social resources, planning space-time activities and so on. The study of spatiotemporal characteristics of individual behavior is limited by the difficulty of obtaining spatiotemporal data and the imperfection of quantitative analysis and visualization tools. The development of mobile communication and other technologies have changed the solution to these two limitations. However, there are still many shortcomings in the theory, method and application of using time and geography tools to express and analyze the temporal and spatial information of individual activities. It includes the development of spatio-temporal analysis model in GIS platform from measured data to visual results, the concrete application in industry, the analysis of complex surface parameters and so on. On the basis of previous studies, this paper combines GIS with temporal geographic tools. Do four aspects of research work. 1. Study the visualization of individual space-time information. Try to build a bridge from the measured data to the visualization results. And discusses the application value of spatiotemporal information integration expression method in specific industries. 2. Study the planning of spatio-temporal nodes. In the context of spatio-temporal activities involving multiple individuals. The temporal and spatial constraints of each individual are described by means of time-geographical tools, and the space-time constraints of each participant in the activity are considered comprehensively. Planning and optimization of the time and place of the activities. 3. The analysis and application of the potential temporal and spatial range of individual activities. In the scene of search and rescue of personnel. The spatio-temporal constraints of each individual are expressed quantitatively by using spatio-temporal prism tools. By solving the space-time intersection of search and rescue resources and missing persons, the search scope and the initial search line of different resources are determined. Finally, the spatio-temporal prism modeling of heterogeneous surface is studied, and the different types of surface are transformed into individuals. The difference in travel speed between different locations. According to the velocity matrix, the time cost of assigned pixel to other pixel is calculated, and then the spatio-temporal prism of heterogeneous surface is constructed. The key problems are: the automation of the arrangement and expression of spatio-temporal data of individual activity; Planning, optimization and application of space-time nodes; Modeling, analysis and mapping of individual potential activity range; Temporal and spatial prism modeling in complex surface environment. Focusing on the expression and analysis of individual space-time information, this paper combines GIS with time-geography, and tries to expand its application in real life to help understand individual space-time behavior. And some space-time activities have better supervision, planning and prediction. The spatio-temporal information integration shows that the time and space information of individuals are placed under the same framework, and the visualization effect is more comprehensive and comprehensive. The space-time node planning considering the space-time constraints of the parties is helpful to the smooth development of the activities and the improvement of the efficiency of the activities. The search area based on the potential activities of individuals is more accurate and can effectively assist the search for resources. Raster-based heterogeneous surface space-time prism is more in line with the actual situation and has a strong scalability. The study of this paper solves the problems of the representation and analysis of individual spatio-temporal information and extends the application of time-geography. Some work has been done to extend the connotation of geographic information science.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208

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