3S技术支持下的黄山风景区生态地质环境敏感性分析

发布时间：2018-01-28 12:23

本文关键词： 生态地质环境敏感性 3S技术人工神经网络层次分析法黄山风景区　出处：《合肥工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界遗产地是全人类共同拥有的宝贵财富，然而随着旅游业的迅速发展，过度的城市化建设和商业开发，不少世界遗产地及其周边的生态地质环境遭到了严重的破坏。黄山作为我国十大风景名胜之一，同所有世界遗产地一样，也陷入发展与保护的矛盾之中。生态地质环境是风景区存在的基本条件，其敏感性能很好的反映生态失衡与生态地质环境问题产生的可能性大小及产生环境问题的影响程度。以“3S”（RS、GIS、GPS）技术为核心的空间信息技术，可以对生态地质环境敏感性分析所需的多源数据进行有效的采集、存储管理和综合地空间分析处理，已成为当前资源环境调查和分析的主要技术手段。本文在中国科学院数字地球重点实验室开放基金资助下，，从自然和人文两个方面建立了一套黄山风景区生态地质环境敏感性分析的评价指标体系，在“3S”技术支持下对相关评价指标进行了提取和分析。运用基于层次分析法的GIS加权叠加综合评价模型和改进型BP人工神经网络模型对黄山风景区生态地质环境敏感性进行了综合评价，并通过多期植被覆盖度的遥感估算对其植被覆盖动态变化进行了分析，最后根据分析结果提出了针对黄山风景区生态地质环境问题的有效治理和防治措施。本文所取得的主要成果和认识如下： 1、构建了包括地质环境、生态环境、地质灾害、水文条件、人类活动、景观价值6大类影响因子12个二级评价指标的黄山风景区生态敏感性评价指标体系和分级标准。并在“3S”技术支持下，对各个指标进行了提取，分析了6大类影响因子的敏感性分布，结果表明，研究区各因子的高敏感区域均较小，绝大部分区域属于低敏感和不敏感区。 2、采用基于层次分析法的加权叠加模型和改进型BP人工神经网络模型两种方法对黄山风景区生态地质环境的敏感性进行了分析。结果表明，除极高敏感区外基本一致。黄山风景区生态地质环境绝大部分区域属于不敏感和低敏感区域，所占面积比在98%以上，属于可适当开发的区域。极高敏感和高敏感区所占面积比例不到百分之一，分布在景点集中区域，属禁止开发区。中度敏感区域所占比例不到2%，受人类影响明显，属限制开发区。 3、植被覆盖变化是区域生态环境变化的重要指示，基于遥感的植被覆盖度动态变化研究，能在一定程度反映生态地质环境变化特征。研究表明黄山风景区植被覆盖总体良好，且有改善趋势，但局部有退化的区域。植被退化区和改善区在高海拔区域变化比中低海拔地区变化频繁，低海拔地区又比中海拔地区变化频繁，而植被覆盖度不变区在中等海拔地区变化高于高海拔和低海拔区域。
[Abstract]:The World Heritage site is a valuable wealth shared by all mankind. However, with the rapid development of tourism, excessive urbanization and commercial development. Many World Heritage sites and their surrounding eco-geological environment have been seriously damaged. Huangshan as one of the top ten scenic spots in China is the same as all World Heritage sites. The ecological geological environment is the basic condition of the scenic spot. Its sensitivity can well reflect the possibility of ecological imbalance and eco-geological environmental problems and the impact of environmental problems. GPS technology as the core of spatial information technology can effectively collect, store and manage the multi-source data needed for eco-geological environment sensitivity analysis and comprehensive geospatial analysis and processing. Has become the current resources and environment investigation and analysis of the main technical means. With the aid of the Open Fund of Digital Earth key Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a set of evaluation index system for eco-geological environment sensitivity analysis of Huangshan Scenic spot is established from the aspects of nature and humanity. In "3s." Based on the GIS weighted superposition comprehensive evaluation model and the improved BP artificial neural network model, the eco-geological environment of Huangshan Scenic spot was extracted and analyzed. The sensitivity was evaluated comprehensively. The dynamic change of vegetation cover was analyzed by remote sensing estimation of multi-period vegetation coverage. Finally, according to the analysis results, the paper puts forward the effective control and prevention measures for the eco-geological environment problems in Huangshan Scenic spot. The main achievements and understandings of this paper are as follows: 1. It includes geological environment, ecological environment, geological hazards, hydrological conditions and human activities. The ecological sensitivity evaluation index system and classification standard of Huangshan Scenic spot with 12 secondary evaluation indexes of six kinds of influence factors of landscape value. With the support of "3s" technology, each index was extracted. The sensitivity distribution of six kinds of influencing factors was analyzed. The results showed that the high sensitive areas of each factor in the study area were small, and most of the areas were low sensitive and insensitive. 2. The sensitivity of eco-geological environment of Huangshan scenic spot was analyzed by using the weighted superposition model based on analytic hierarchy process and the improved BP artificial neural network model. Most of the eco-geological environment in Huangshan scenic area belongs to insensitive and low sensitive area, and the area ratio is more than 98%. The proportion of extremely sensitive and highly sensitive areas is less than 1%, distributed in the scenic spots concentration areas, belong to prohibited development zones. The proportion of moderately sensitive areas is less than 2%. Obviously affected by human beings, a restricted development zone. 3. Vegetation cover change is an important indicator of regional ecological environment change. The dynamic change of vegetation coverage based on remote sensing is studied. The study shows that the vegetation cover of Huangshan scenic area is good and has a trend of improvement. However, there are local degraded areas. Vegetation degradation areas and improvement areas change more frequently in high altitude area than in middle and low altitude area, and low altitude area change more frequently than middle altitude area. The change of vegetation coverage in the middle altitude area is higher than that in the high altitude and low altitude area.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X141;P208;P228.4;X87

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