基于LIDAR的康西瓦断裂晚第四纪滑动速率研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:16

本文关键词： 三维激光扫描技术康西瓦断裂滑动速率点云数据测量　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的测量方法(如利用全站仪进行测量)是获取断裂错断典型地貌水平和垂直位移量的重要手段。然而，利用全站仪进行测量较为费时费力，高危险地方更会影响工作人员的人身安全。地面三维激光扫描仪因其可以快速、高精度获取被测对象的三维坐标，为我们提供了一种方便快捷地进行测量的方法。本论文利用三维激光扫描仪对康西瓦断裂错断塔尔萨依吉勒尕河河流阶地的水平位移量和垂直位移量进行了扫描测量，经过内业对扫描数据的处理和拼接，获得了高精度的断裂错断不同级河流阶地的位移量。结合前人在该地区获得的阶地面宇宙成因核素10Be曝露年龄，对康西瓦断裂晚第四纪滑动速率进行了研究。论文主要成果如下： (1)总结了三维激光扫描技术的原理、三维激光扫描仪的分类、三维激光扫描技术的发展现状及其在不同行业的主要应用。 (2)详细介绍了RIEGL VZ-1000型三维激光扫描仪的野外数据采集以及内业数据处理(包括去噪、数据压缩、拼接和多站点平差)的方法和流程。 (3)利用Surfer软件读取研究点的高精度三维地形数据，进行渲染处理，，生成地形地貌图并进一步提取需要的地形地貌信息，得到了康西瓦断裂错断不同级河流阶地的精确位移量。 (4)结合测量结果和前人已发表的年龄数据，获得了康西瓦断裂晚第四纪约11ka以来的平均走滑速率为18.0±0.7mm/a，断裂左旋走滑过程中伴随的垂直滑动速率为约0.9mm/a。 (5)通过该次实践证明了三维激光扫描仪可以方便快捷的获取高精度、大容量的三维立体地形数据，在包括断层滑动速率研究、地表变形监测等活动构造研究方面有着广泛的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Traditional surveying methods (such as using total station) are important means to obtain the horizontal and vertical displacement of typical geomorphology of fault fault. However, it is time-consuming and laborious to use total station to measure. The 3D laser scanner on the ground can quickly and accurately obtain the 3D coordinates of the object to be measured, which provides us a convenient and fast method to measure. In this paper, the horizontal and vertical displacement of the Tulsa Yilega River terrace was measured by using a 3D laser scanner, and the scanning data were processed and jointed. The displacement of different grade river terraces with high accuracy fracture and fault fault is obtained. Combined with the exposure age of the order cosmic radionuclide 10Be obtained in this area by predecessors, The late Quaternary slip rate of Kangxiwa fault is studied. The main results are as follows:. 1) the principle of 3D laser scanning technology, the classification of 3D laser scanner, the development status of 3D laser scanning technology and its main applications in different industries are summarized. The methods and flow of field data acquisition and data processing (including denoising, data compression, splicing and multi-site adjustment) of RIEGL VZ-1000 3D laser scanner are introduced in detail. Using Surfer software to read the high precision 3D terrain data of the research point, to render and process, to generate the topographic and geomorphologic map and to further extract the topographic and geomorphological information needed, and to obtain the accurate displacement of the river terraces with different levels of Kangxiwa fault fault. (4) combined with the measured results and the published age data, the average strike-slip rate of the Kangxiwa fault since the late Quaternary is 18.0 卤0.7mm / a, and the vertical slip rate accompanying the left-lateral strike-slip process is about 0.9mm / a. Through this practice, it is proved that 3D laser scanner can obtain high precision, large capacity 3D terrain data conveniently and quickly, including the research of fault slip rate. The study of active structures such as surface deformation monitoring has a wide application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P225.2;P542

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