基于GIS的环境信息数据空间表达方式的研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 10:03

本文选题：系统开发　切入点：环境地理信息系统　出处：《太原理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展和科学技术的不断进步,环境问题不断凸显,与此伴生的环境信息种类逐渐增多,数据量逐渐增大。对环境信息进行及时、有效的整合利用成为环境管理的重要内容,也成为解决环境问题的有效途径。信息整合是信息化建设的核心,如何将大量环境信息数据进行及时有效整合、实现对环境信息资源的深度开发,是当前环境信息管理亟需解决的问题。地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)是一种具有采集、储存、管理、运算、分析、显示和描述数据功能的空间信息系统,它将GIS和环境信息管理有效结合,通过对环境数据进行及时有效整合,提高对环境信息综合分析的能力,为环境管理提供决策依据。本研究在大量文献调研的基础上,系统分析了国内外环境信息化的发展现状,总结了建立环境信息数据库的模式及特征。一套完整的环境信息化体系应包括两个基础方面：1、对大量环境信息数据的搜集、整理；2、对已搜集环境信息数据的整合分析。本研究在此基础上,选择山西省为研究对象,对山西省行政区域内的相关环境数据进行了系统搜集和整理,其数据包括重点企业污染源普查数据、污染源实时监控数据、环境质量监测数据、环境规划数据等。通过将山西省环境数据(包括：污染源数据、环境质量数据、生态管理及功能区划数据)和基础地理数据(包括：二维矢量地图、遥感影像地图、高程数据模型)相结合,建立了基于二/三维GIS下的环境地理信息系统；实现了对环境数据的二/三维可视化浏览及查询,重点企业重点环境监测设备的三维模型模拟,突发性污染事件的应急扩散分析和各种专题图(包括噪声区划图、水环境功能区划图、山西省生态规划图等)的生成。本研究对山西省开展环境信息管理提供了一定理论指导和实践参考,通过促进山西省环境信息的深度开发,为当地的环境管理提供决策参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy and the progress of science and technology, the environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. Effective integration and utilization has become an important part of environmental management and an effective way to solve environmental problems. Information integration is the core of information construction, how to integrate a large number of environmental information data in a timely and effective manner. To realize the deep exploitation of environmental information resources is an urgent problem to be solved in current environmental information management. Geographic Information system (GIS) is a kind of collection, storage, management, operation and analysis. The spatial information system, which displays and describes the function of data, effectively combines GIS with environmental information management, and improves the ability of comprehensive analysis of environmental information through timely and effective integration of environmental data. On the basis of a large number of documents, this study systematically analyzes the development of environmental information both at home and abroad. This paper summarizes the mode and characteristics of setting up an environmental information database. A complete environmental information system should include two basic aspects: 1, collecting a large amount of environmental information data, On the basis of this, the author chooses Shanxi Province as the research object, and systematically collects and arranges the relevant environmental data in the administrative region of Shanxi Province. The data include survey data of pollution sources of key enterprises, real-time monitoring data of pollution sources, environmental quality monitoring data, environmental planning data and so on. Combining ecological management and functional zoning data with basic geographic data (including two-dimensional vector map, remote sensing image map, elevation data model), an environmental geographic information system based on two / three dimensional GIS is established. Two / three dimensional visual browsing and querying of environmental data, 3D model simulation of key environmental monitoring equipment in key enterprises, emergency diffusion analysis of sudden pollution events and various thematic maps (including noise zoning) are realized. This study provides some theoretical guidance and practical reference for the development of environmental information management in Shanxi Province, through promoting the in-depth development of environmental information in Shanxi Province. Provide decision-making reference for local environmental management.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X321;P208

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