无人机影像在输电线路工程中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 16:46

本文选题：无人机　切入点：光学载荷　出处：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济与综合国力的提高,我国的电网建设规模已跃居世界首位。目前,大部分输电线路建设数据的获取方式,还是主要依靠卫星遥感与常规的航空摄影测量技术手段,不能满足电网建设快速发展的需求。因卫星遥感易受重访周期的限制,难以及时获取地面的高分辨率影像,时效性较差,不能满足现代小规模输电线路建设工期短的要求。常规航空摄影测量虽不受时间及运行轨道的限制,但在恶劣天气条件情况下,因要保证作业人员安全,也不能及时进行航空作业。无人机作为近几年迅速发展起来的一种介于遥感平台和地面测绘手段之间的新型摄影测量技术,有效的弥补了卫星遥感与传统航空摄影测量手段的不足。可以在短时间内获取地面的高分辨率影像数据,得到大比例尺地形图,为输电线路的设计提供清晰直观,准确的地物信息。利用无人机数据处理软件,获得测区影像和DEM数据,在三维优化选线系统中进行立体建模和优化选线,可减少大量的野外工作,降低工程成本和对环境方面的影响。本文具体分析了国内外无人机数据处理软件的发展现状,详细阐述了无人机用于输电线路中的技术方法。主要研究内容有:(1)分析了无人机光学载荷的遥感原理,总结了航摄作业流程和处理技术。(2)探讨了无人机影像处理中的质量评价、预处理、空三加密和匹配算法。(3)设计了三维选线的技术路线及功能模块,并对多源数据处理模块与优化选线模块中的关键技术进行了分析与实现。重点是对于大场景立体模型的创建,同时利用测区线路设计数据对交互式排位模块、三维漫游巡检模块和成果输出模块功能进行了应用。(4)结合本人在实际输变电工程路径优化中的选线工作,应用本文介绍的无人机测绘技术在输电线路路径优化中的方法,得到了1:2000的大比例尺地形图数据,提供了选线需要的基础数据。利用三维优化选线平台搭建了大场景三维模型,创建了路径优化的立体环境,对选线结果进行了三维漫游巡检。验证了三维优化选线平台的实用性和无人机技术替代传统航空摄影测量成为解决输电线路建设问题的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of economy and comprehensive national strength, the scale of power grid construction in China has leapt to the first place in the world. At present, most of the transmission line construction data acquisition methods mainly rely on satellite remote sensing and conventional aerial photogrammetry. Because satellite remote sensing is easy to be restricted by the revisiting period, it is difficult to get high resolution images on the ground in time. It can not meet the requirement of short construction period for modern small-scale transmission lines. Although conventional aerial photogrammetry is not limited by time and running track, it is necessary to ensure the safety of operators under severe weather conditions. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have developed rapidly in recent years as a new photogrammetry technology between remote sensing platforms and ground mapping tools. It can obtain the high resolution image data of the ground in a short time, obtain the large scale topographic map, and provide the clear and visual for the transmission line design, which can make up the deficiency of the satellite remote sensing and the traditional aerial photogrammetry effectively, and can obtain the large scale topographic map in a short time. Using UAV data processing software to obtain area image and DEM data, to carry out three-dimensional modeling and optimal line selection in 3D optimal line selection system, can reduce a lot of field work. This paper analyzes the development status of UAV data processing software at home and abroad. In this paper, the technical methods of UAV used in transmission lines are described in detail. The main research contents are: 1) the principle of remote sensing of UAV optical load is analyzed, and the operational flow and processing technology of aerial photography are summarized. (2) the quality evaluation of UAV image processing is discussed. Preprocessing, space three encryption and matching algorithm. 3) the technical route and function module of 3D route selection are designed. The key technologies of the multi-source data processing module and the optimized line selection module are analyzed and realized. The functions of 3D roaming inspection module and output module are applied. Combined with the route selection work in actual transmission and transformation project, the method of UAV surveying and mapping technology in transmission line path optimization is introduced in this paper. The large scale topographic map data of 1: 2000 are obtained, and the basic data for route selection are provided. The 3D model of large scene is built by using 3D optimization platform, and the stereo environment of path optimization is created. The 3D roaming inspection is carried out to verify the practicability of the 3D optimized line selection platform and the feasibility of the UAV technology replacing the traditional aerial photogrammetry to solve the problem of transmission line construction.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P231;TM75

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