真彩色三维地形实体模型快速成型的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:20

本文选题：地形实体模型　切入点：快速成型　出处：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三维地形实体模型是以立体实物的方式对地理空间信息的可视化表达,能够为人们研究分析地形地貌和地理空间要素提供形象逼真、立体直观的三维立体信息。然而,传统的地形实体模型因制作速度慢、精度低等不足,已无法满足现代社会对测绘保障实时、精确、高效的要求。随着现代信息化和先进制造业的快速发展,数控自动化技术和快速成型技术已广泛应用于各领域的产品制造。近年来,有研究者针对先进制造和快速成型技术在GIS领域的应用做了相关的研究,为高精度、真彩色三维地形实体模型的制作提供了解决思路。因此,本文从三维地形制图综合、STL(Stereo Lithography)地形模型构建、纹理信息精准匹配以及地形实体模型的快速成型方法等方面,探讨了真彩色三维地形实体模型快速成型的关键技术。主要的内容及结果如下:(1)基于多尺度DEM地形因子的空间自相关特征,结合地形实体模型快速成型的比例尺和成型精度,提出了一种面向地形实体模型快速成型的DEM地形化简方法。通过对不同地形因子的局部自相关性分析,根据不同的显著性所对应的地形特征,设定阈值选取地形特征点构建化简结果DEM。实验表明,该方法能够按照地形实体模型的应用需求,保持地形的结构特征和局部细节,解决了地形实体模型表面碎部太多、地理要素不分明和杂乱无章等问题。(2)通过分析DEM数据和3D打印数据的数据结构,探讨了三维点云数据构建曲面模型的原理和相关算法,将简化后的DEM转换为高程点云数据,构建了三维地形STL表面模型的三角形网格曲面。并根据模型的设计需求和快速成型对模型数据的要求,对三维地形STL表面模型进行了进一步处理和优化,实现了基于DEM数据的三维地形实体模型的构建。(3)为了评价方法的效果和实用性,通过不同材质和不同纹理数据组合,实现了两种真彩色三维地形实体模型的快速成型方法。首先,基于数控雕刻和三维立体喷绘技术,提出了一种真彩色地形实体模型的自动化制作方法,实现了地形模型和纹理信息的有效匹配;其次,基于3D打印技术,设计了真彩色地形实体模型的快速成型方法,实现了高精度、真彩色地形模型的快速成型。实验结果表明,两种方法均能适应高精度地形实体模型的快速构建和纹理信息的有效匹配,大幅度地提高了模型的精度,较好的表达了地形的结构特征和地理空间信息。
[Abstract]:The 3D terrain model is the visual expression of spatial information to three-dimensional physical way, can provide a vivid image for people to analyze the landform and geographical elements of space, three-dimensional stereoscopic information. However, the traditional terrain model due to the production of slow speed, low precision, has been unable to meet the modern society of Surveying and mapping the real-time, accurate and efficient. With the rapid development of modern information technology and advanced manufacturing industry, CNC automation technology and rapid prototyping technology has been widely used in various fields of manufacturing. In recent years, researchers in advanced manufacturing and rapid prototyping technology application in the field of GIS has made the related research, for high precision that provides the solution of making true color 3D terrain model. Therefore, this article from the 3D terrain comprehensive mapping, STL (Stereo Lithography) terrain model Build, texture information and precise matching of terrain model rapid prototyping method, and discusses the key technology of true color 3D terrain model of rapid prototyping. The contents and results are as follows: (1) the autocorrelation characteristic of terrain factor DEM multi scale space based on the combination of terrain model of rapid prototyping and forming precision scale and we propose a new terrain model of rapid prototyping DEM terrain simplification method. Through local on different terrain factors correlation analysis, according to the topographic characteristics corresponding to the different salience, setting the threshold feature to build simple results DEM. experiments show that this method can according to the application requirements of terrain model the structure features of terrain and local details, solve the terrain model surface detail too much, geographical factors is not clear and out of order problem (2). Through the analysis of the data structure of DEM data and 3D print data, discusses the principle of constructing surface model of three-dimensional point cloud data and related algorithms, the simplified DEM transformation for elevation point cloud data, construct the triangular mesh of 3D terrain surface model STL. And according to the design requirements of the demand model and rapid prototyping of model data the further processing and optimization of 3D terrain surface model of STL was constructed, the 3D terrain model based on DEM data. (3) in order to evaluate the effect and practicability of the method, through the different materials and different texture data, realizes the rapid prototyping method of two kinds of true color 3D terrain model at first, the CNC engraving and three-dimensional printing technique based on the proposed method of making an automatic color terrain model, the terrain model and the texture information is Effect of matching; secondly, 3D printing technology based on the design of the rapid prototyping method of true color topographic entity model, and has high accuracy and rapid prototyping of color topographic model really. The experimental results show that the two methods are effective, can meet the high precision terrain model quick construction and texture information, greatly to improve the precision of the model, a better expression of structural features and geographical terrain information.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208

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