基于GIS的水库产汇流模拟研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 05:22

本文选题：水库　切入点：地理信息系统　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水库与人们的生产生活紧密相连，它在预防洪水、作物灌溉、提供生产生活用水等方面的作用巨大，保障了人们的正常生产生活。研究降雨对水库水量变化的影响，可以科学预测一场降雨对水库库容的增加量，结合水库自身情况进行运行分析，为灾害发生前的洪水预警、淹没面积、险情调度等提供决策依据，为水库的长期稳定运行提供强有力的保障。近年来，在计算机技术快速发展的推动下，地理信息系统、遥感等技术发展迅速，为以物理学为基础的分布式水文模型的产生和发展奠定了坚实的技术基础。分布式水文模型以遥感、雷达等方式获取流域空间分布的信息数据，依据地理要素对水文过程的影响机制，将流域内具有特定自然地理要素特征和水文特性的部分视为一个独立个体，将流域划分为多个小的流域对水文过程进行计算，最后根据流域空间分布格局及水文过程的机制将各小流域联合，通过叠加计算得到整个流域的水文过程。这种具有物理基础的分布式水文模型理论清晰，能够客观全面的描述水文响应机制，被广泛应用于各种水文过程的研究中。本文选取郑州市常庄水库作为研究区域，对水库的产汇流过程进行研究。常庄水库是郑州市区供水储备水源地之一，位于郑州西郊，下游为郑州市区，水库四周发电厂、水厂等厂矿和交通干线众多，地理位置十分重要。作为中原经济区的中心城市，近年来郑州市区发展迅速，供用水矛盾日益突出，水库在防洪和城市应急供水方面的作用日渐显著。论文以分布式水文模型为基础，以常庄水库控制流域的数字高程模型(DEM)和水库水文站实测的降雨量数据为原数据，构建流域产汇流模型系统，，分析模拟库区降雨的产汇流过程。首先论述分布式水文模型的概况，阐明所构建的产汇流模型的理论和计算方法。其中选用SCS产流模型来模拟计算流域的产流量，子流域的汇流过程则选用SCS的无因次单位线方法来进行模拟计算，对流域内河道汇流的模拟计算选用马斯京根法。其次，通过ArcGIS的水文分析模块从DEM中提取常庄水库流域的数字河网，并将流域分割成22个子流域，提取模型所需的河网数据。用坡度分析工具从DEM数据中提取坡度数据并根据各子流域范围统计分析平均坡度。用插值分析工具对各水文站监测的降雨数据进行插值分析并统计分析各子流域对应的平均降雨量。应用分析所得数据对各模型参数进行率定，确定各模型所需要的参数值。选取2001-2003年间的十场降雨进行模拟，并对模拟结果选用适当的方法进行精度评价，通过模拟精度判断模型的实用性。结果表明模型模拟的合格率在70%以上，模拟所得的流量过程线和实测情况大致吻合。对水库降雨产汇流过程的准确预测，是水库进行防洪调度、兴利调度的决策依据，有助于人们在汛期时对洪水过程进行预报，提前设计解决方案，预防决堤、溃坝等灾害事故的发生；同时储蓄洪水，保障非汛期水库兴利水源的充足提供。
[Abstract]:The reservoir with people's production and life are closely linked, it is in flood prevention, irrigation, water for production and life and other aspects of the enormous effect, guarantee the normal production and life of people. The influence of rainfall on the change of water reservoir, can a scientific prediction of rainfall on reservoir capacity increase, combined with their own situation to reservoir operation analysis and for flood warning, before the disaster of the inundated area, provide decision basis for danger scheduling, provide a powerful guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the reservoir.
In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, geographic information system, remote sensing technology rapid development, the emergence and development of distributed hydrological model based on physics technology has laid a solid foundation. The distributed hydrological model based on remote sensing data, obtaining information in spatial distribution of radar etc., based on the influence mechanism of geographical elements on the hydrological process, the basin has a specific natural geographical characteristics and hydrological characteristics of the part as an independent individual, dividing the basin into a plurality of small watershed was calculated on the hydrological process, according to the mechanism of distribution pattern and hydrological process of space will unite the small watershed, by superimposing the hydrologic calculation process the whole basin theory. Such a distributed hydrological model with physical basis is clear, can describe the hydrological response mechanism comprehensively and objectively, is widely used In the study of various hydrological processes.
This paper selects Changzhuang reservoir in Zhengzhou city as the study area, study on runoff process of the reservoir. Changzhuang reservoir is one of the Zhengzhou city water reserve water source, located in the western suburbs of Zhengzhou, downstream of Zhengzhou City, around the reservoir power plant, water plant and other industrial and transportation routes for many, the geographical position is very important. As the central city of Central Plains the economic zone, in recent years the rapid development of Zhengzhou City, water supply and demand have become increasingly prominent, the role of the reservoir in flood control and emergency water supply in the city is more and more obvious.
Based on the distributed hydrological model, taking the digital elevation model (DEM) of Chang Zhuang reservoir control basin and the rainfall data measured at the reservoir hydrologic station as the raw data, the watershed runoff and runoff concentration model system is constructed, and the runoff generation and confluence process in the simulated reservoir area is analyzed.
First discusses the overview of distributed hydrological model, theory and calculation method of runoff model is constructed. To clarify the SCS runoff model to simulate runoff calculation of watershed runoff process, sub basin with SCS the dimensionless unit hydrograph method to simulate the calculation and Simulation of river basin runoff calculation by Ma Muskingum method. Secondly, through the hydrological analysis module of ArcGIS extraction Changzhuang reservoir basin from DEM in the digital network, and the basin is divided into 22 sub basins, river network data extraction model is required. The tool to extract slope data from DEM data and statistical analysis according to the scope of each sub basin average slope by slope analysis analysis. Tools of the rainfall monitoring data interpolation analysis and statistical analysis of the average rainfall of thesubwatershed by interpolation. Application analysis of the model parameters of the data The rate is determined and the parameters required for each model are determined.
Select the ten rainfall in 2001-2003 years was simulated, and the simulation results to choose the appropriate method to evaluate the accuracy and precision of simulation by judging the practicability of the model. The results showed that the qualified rate of the model is above 70%, the flow hydrograph simulation results and the actual situation by agreement.
For the accurate prediction of rainfall runoff process of the reservoir, is a reservoir flood control scheduling, scheduling decision, to help people in the flood season of flood forecasting, advance design solutions, prevention of disasters such as dam breaching of the dike, accidents and flood protection; saving, non enough to provide a reservoir in flood season good water.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P343.3

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