三维数字流域平台的开发与应用

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:05

本文选题：数字流域　切入点：三维可视化　出处：《华北电力大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数字流域研究作为水利信息化的前沿研究领域,为流域的规划管理与社会经济宏观决策提供理论与技术支持,对推动流域管理现代化、促进水利行业的发展具有重要作用。本文基于GIS与虚拟现实技术,开发了三维数字流域平台,重点研究了数字流域框架体系及水流标量场可视化、矢量场可视化、水体视觉模拟技术及组合条件绘制等水流可视化方法,实现了专业应用模型与数字仿真平台在通航管理、流域防洪体系方面的应用,主要工作和研究成果如下:(1)提出了三维数字流域平台开发的总体框架,研究了数字流域三维空间数据可视化建模与存储的技术路线。基于OSG三维图形引擎与osgEarth可视化工具,采用LOD动态分页机制,提出了空间数据快速建模方法,建立了三维数字流域地形与地物模型。开发了三维数字流域平台可视化模块,实现了大规模流域空间数据的加载与渲染,优化了平台的可视化性能。(2)研究了数字流域仿真中水流动态可视化方法。在水流科学可视化方面,通过着色器编程,应用GPU的图形渲染管线,实现了水深等值面、LIC矢量场、IBFV矢量场、Arrow矢量场等水流可视化效果的高度并行化渲染。应用RTT渲染到纹理技术,对水流数据进行预处理,加快了GPU对水流数据的提取速度,提高了水流动态模拟的显示性能。在真实感水体仿真方面,建立了河流的折射与反射模型,基于有向法线纹理贴图方法,根据水动力学模型的计算结果,模拟真实河流的流动效果,表现了河流的流速分布特征。应用Gerstner波叠加方法,实现了海洋水体的模拟效果。开发了水流可视化集成接口,实现了基于组合条件的水流信息可视化,优化了水流模型在三维数字流域平台中的显示效果。(3)基于开发的三维数字流域平台,与具体专业应用相结合,实现了平台在通航管理与防洪减灾方面的应用。在江津至重庆段的通航管理中,通过监测、存储、计算、显示的方式对船舶通航进行管理与预警,实现了航道综合信息的查询与显示、航道实时水流信息的监测与模拟、船舶动态信息的查询与显示等功能,为船舶通航提供更加直观、丰富的航道信息与实时水流信息,有效提高了航道的通航效率和通航安全度。在哈尔滨堤防工程的洪水淹没模拟中,建立了以三角网为拓扑关系的地形网格,采用左右三角形法搜索淹没面进行洪水有源淹没的模拟,实现了洪水方案模拟、防洪预案演示等功能,为流域防洪减灾决策提供了支撑工具。
[Abstract]:As the frontier research field of water conservancy information, digital watershed research provides theoretical and technical support for watershed planning and management, and promotes the modernization of watershed management. It is important to promote the development of water conservancy industry. Based on the technology of GIS and virtual reality, a 3D digital watershed platform is developed in this paper. The visualization of the digital watershed frame system and the visualization of scalar field and vector field of water flow are studied emphatically. The visual simulation technology of water body and the method of water flow visualization such as combination condition drawing have realized the application of professional application model and digital simulation platform in navigation management and flood control system of river basin. The main work and research results are as follows: (1) the overall framework of 3D digital watershed platform development is proposed, and the technical route of 3D spatial data visualization modeling and storage in digital watershed is studied. Based on OSG 3D graphics engine and osgEarth visualization tool, Based on the dynamic paging mechanism of LOD, the fast modeling method of spatial data is proposed, and the 3D digital watershed terrain and feature model is established. The visualization module of 3D digital watershed platform is developed to realize the loading and rendering of large-scale watershed spatial data. The visualization performance of the platform is optimized. The visualization method of water flow in digital watershed simulation is studied. In the aspect of visualization of water flow science, the graphical rendering pipeline of GPU is applied to the visualization of water flow science by means of colorimeter programming. The high parallelization rendering of the visualization effect of water flow such as IBFV vector field and row vector field is realized on the water depth isosurface. The RTT rendering to texture technology is used to preprocess the water flow data, which speeds up the extraction speed of the water flow data by GPU. In the aspect of realistic water body simulation, the refraction and reflection model of the river is established. Based on the directed normal texture mapping method, according to the calculation results of the hydrodynamic model, The flow effect of real river is simulated, and the characteristics of velocity distribution of river are represented. The simulation effect of ocean water is realized by using Gerstner wave superposition method. The integrated interface of water flow visualization is developed. The visualization of flow information based on combination condition is realized, and the display effect of flow model in 3D digital watershed platform is optimized. The application of the platform in navigation management and flood control and disaster reduction is realized. In the navigation management between Jiang Jin and Chongqing, ship navigation is managed and early warning through monitoring, storage, calculation and display. The functions of inquiring and displaying the comprehensive information of the waterway, monitoring and simulating the real-time flow information of the waterway, querying and displaying the dynamic information of the ship are realized, which provide more visual and rich waterway information and real-time flow information for the navigation of the ship. The navigation efficiency and safety degree of navigation channel are improved effectively. In the flood flood simulation of Harbin levee project, the terrain grid with triangle network as topological relation is established. The method of left and right triangle is used to simulate the flood active submergence. The functions of flood scheme simulation, flood prevention plan demonstration and so on are realized, which provides a supporting tool for flood control and disaster reduction decision.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208;TV21

【参考文献】