GIS支持下的重庆市生态系统服务评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 18:24

本文选题：生态系统服务价值　切入点：土地利用　出处：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着区域一体化的发展,研究区GDP增长迅速的同时也带来了一系列生态环境问题。如何走出一条“资源节约型、环境友好型”的科学发展道路,在经济发展和生态环境之间找出平衡点,是越来越多的人们所关注的课题,也是未来区域发展的重要战略。本文以生态服务价值测算法为主要研究方法,以中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表根据研究区特殊性及结合现势性,稍加改进为研究区生态价值的计算模型,根据研究区的特征,当量因子按照以下原则操作：耕地对应农田；水域对应水域；对于居民建设用地按照Costanza等学者的估算方法,不估算其生态系统服务功能经济价值,本文则对建设用地加以改造,分成城镇及工矿用地和交通用地,分别计算其不同的生态系统服务价值；林地对应森林；草地对应草地。本文根据重庆市1996-2010年土地变更调查数据及二调数据情况,通过查找重庆市1996-2010年的统计年鉴、经济发展数据、以及其他资料对所得结果进行验证和补充；经过以上对应原则重分类,得出1996-2010年土地利用变化情况,再根据改进的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表计算研究时段研究区的生态系统服务价值(ESV)。从1996年到2010年,耕地的面积减少了586497hm2,未利用地减少了544319hm2,其余土地利用类型面积则有所增加。根据本文选取计算ESV的指标得出：耕地、城镇及工矿用地及难利用地的生态服务价值分别减少了358.60千万元、98.56千万元和20.22千万元,林地的生态系统服务价值增加了1402.07千万元,水域的生态服务价值则增加了262.07千万元,草地增加了82.24千万元。从三大经济区域的角度分析各自生态系统服务价值,并为整个研究区和三大区域提升生态系统服务价值提出建议。总体来讲,研究区的生态系统服务总价值呈增加的趋势,ESV/GDP值呈下降的趋势；生态服务价值与GDP呈同向相关,生态服务价值增加,而GDP增长,但是由于区域内GDP增长迅速,ESV与GDP的增长是不成比例的,与人口增长的关系也密切,呈同向相关,虽然ESV与人口关系并无因果关系,但是人口增长会间接影响ESV的提升。按照ESV与人口的比值柱状图走势来看,研究区在本文选取的研究时段逐年大致持平。重庆的经济发展迅速,经济总量较大。本研究表明,造成土地资源的生产价值与生态价值不成比例。本文第1章介绍了选题的背景、生态系统服务价值国内外的研究进展、本文的研究内容及技术路线；第2章介绍了生态系统服务价值的概念、评价意义、测算方法以及其今后研究的难点和研究方向；第3章是介绍了研究区概况,第4章在介绍文章评价指标的选取及数据库构建情况；第5章则是从各区县的尺度和三大经济区域介绍重庆市生态系统服务评价及原因的简单分析；第6章则是对ESV、GDP与人口的变化进行统计和相关性分析及显著性检验；第7章对本文研究结果进行了总结。
[Abstract]:With the development of regional integration, the study area GDP rapid growth has also brought a series of ecological environment problems. How to get out of a "resource-saving and environment-friendly road of scientific development", to find a balance between economic development and ecological environment is more and more concern, but also an important strategy the future of regional development.
Based on the ecological service value calculation method as main research method, to China land ecosystem services value of unit area table according to the special nature of the study area and present situation of the modified calculation model of the study area of ecological value, according to the characteristics of the study area, equivalent factor according to the following principles: the corresponding operation cultivated farmland; corresponding waters waters; for residential construction land in accordance with Costanza's estimation methods, not to estimate the economic value of ecosystem service function, this paper on the construction land to transform into urban and industrial land and traffic land, were calculated for different ecosystem service value; the corresponding woodland forest; grassland corresponding grassland.
According to Chongqing City, 1996-2010 years of land change survey data and the two data, through statistical yearbook 1996-2010 years for Chongqing City, economic development data, and other information on the results to verify and supplement; after the above correspondence principle of re classification, that 1996-2010 years of land use change, then calculate the study period according to the improvement of study area the China land ecosystem services value of unit area of ecosystem service value (ESV). From 1996 to 2010, the area of cultivated land decreased by 586497hm2, the unused land decreased by 544319hm2, the remaining land area increased. According to the calculation and selection of the ESV index obtained: arable land, urban and industrial land and difficult to use land ecological service value decreased respectively 3 billion 586 million yuan, 985 million 600 thousand yuan and 202 million 200 thousand yuan, the forest ecosystem services To increase the value of 14 billion 20 million 700 thousand yuan, the waters of the ecological service value increased 2 billion 620 million 700 thousand yuan, an increase of 822 million 400 thousand yuan. The grassland ecosystem service value from the analysis of the three regional economic perspective, and for the whole study area and three regional promotion of ecosystem service value are proposed. Overall, ecosystem services value of the study area increased, ESV/GDP value decreased in the same direction; relevant ecological service value and GDP value of ecosystem services increased, and the growth of GDP, but because of the regional GDP growth, ESV and GDP growth are disproportionately, also has close relationship with population growth, in the same direction, though there is no causal relationship between the ESV and population, but population growth will indirectly affect the ESV performance. According to the ratio histogram of the ESV and population, the study area in the period of this article selected by The year is roughly flat. Chongqing's economic development is rapid and the total economic amount is large. This study shows that the production value of land resources is not proportional to the ecological value.
The first chapter introduces the background, research progress of the value of ecosystem services at home and abroad, the research content and the technical route of this paper; the second chapter introduces the concept of ecosystem service value evaluation, the measurement methods and the problems and research direction of the future research; the third chapter introduces the overview of the study area, the fourth chapter in the construction of evaluation index and database; the fifth chapter is a simple analysis from the county scale and the three major economic regions and the reason of evaluation of ecosystem services in Chongqing city; the sixth chapter is on the ESV, GDP and changes of population statistics and correlation analysis and significant test; the seventh chapter is summarized the results of this study.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X826

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