自然灾害应急专题图设计与制作方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 09:38

本文选题：灾害应急　切入点：专题图　出处：《解放军信息工程大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展，自然灾害所造成的影响越来越大。地震、泥石流、山体滑坡、洪涝等自然灾害是目前影响社会经济的主要灾害，对自然环境和人民生命财产造成巨大破坏。面对近年来灾害频发的现状，如何有效地减少灾害带来的损失是一项重要的研究课题。在应急减灾的过程中，准确分析灾害对地理环境的影响，对提高应急能力有着至关重要的作用。灾害应急专题地图是表达灾害信息的专题地图，其制图过程实质上就是对基础空间数据（底图要素）和灾害数据（专题要素）进行处理的过程。灾害应急专题地图通过对灾害信息内容的表达，可为救援指挥工作提供依据。本文从灾害应急对专题地图设计制作的需求出发，进行理论分析和技术研究，主要的研究工作如下： 1、阐述了研究灾害现场地理环境和灾害应急专题图的意义，分析了灾害应急工作对地理信息的需求和国内外灾害应急专题图体系研究现状及发展趋势。 2、分析灾害的类型和形成状态，从灾害应急的整体流程出发，分析灾害应急各阶段和各层次人员对地理信息的需求，提出构建灾害应急专题地图表达灾害特征。 3、结合灾害应急不同阶段的制图用图需求，提出灾情监测图组和预案仿真图组的设计与制作方法。对地理信息要素和专题要素进行分级处理，分析了不同图组的表达方式，并且研究讨论了灾害应急符号的信息传输和构图规律。 4、在上述研究工作的基础之上，设计研究了灾害应急专题图生成系统，介绍了系统框架结构和模块设计，并展示了灾害应急专题图中图组的成图效果，验证了灾害系列专题图体系的正确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the impact of natural disasters is increasing. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, debris flows, landslides, floods and other natural disasters are the main disasters affecting the social economy at present. It has caused great damage to the natural environment and people's life and property. Facing the current situation of frequent disasters in recent years, how to effectively reduce the losses caused by disasters is an important research topic. The accurate analysis of the impact of disasters on the geographical environment is crucial to improving emergency response capacity. Thematic maps for disaster emergency response are thematic maps that express disaster information, The mapping process is essentially the process of processing the basic spatial data (background map elements) and disaster data (thematic elements). The disaster emergency thematic map can provide the basis for the rescue command by expressing the disaster information content. Starting from the demand of disaster emergency response to the design and production of thematic maps, this paper carries out theoretical analysis and technical research. The main research work is as follows:. 1. The significance of studying the geographical environment of disaster scene and the thematic map of disaster emergency response is expounded, and the need for geographic information in disaster emergency response work and the research status and development trend of disaster emergency thematic map system at home and abroad are analyzed. (2) analyzing the types and forming state of disasters, starting from the whole process of disaster emergency, analyzing the needs of people in different stages and levels of disaster emergency to geographical information, and putting forward the construction of thematic map of disaster emergency to express disaster characteristics. 3. According to the needs of cartography in different stages of disaster emergency response, the design and making method of disaster monitoring map group and simulation map group are put forward. The geographic information elements and thematic elements are classified, and the expression modes of different map groups are analyzed. And the information transmission and composition law of disaster emergency symbol are studied and discussed. 4. On the basis of the above research work, this paper designs and studies the system of generating thematic map of disaster emergency, introduces the frame structure and module design of the system, and shows the effect of drawing group in the thematic map of disaster emergency. The correctness and feasibility of the disaster series thematic map system are verified.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P285.1

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